0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A characteristic of an entity that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity. E.g., properties, characteristics, qualities of things, states. 0000186 attributes electrical charge A basic property of matter that gives rise to all electric and magnetic forces and interactions. 0007252 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource continues The resource continues another resource. 0005024 The minimal electrical potential in a cyclic voltammetry. This is where the sweep turns. 0007214 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource lower limit potential micro-channel reactor microstructured reactor micro-reactor microchannel reactor micro-structured reactor microreactor 0000234 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A small-scale chemical reactor, with lateral dimensions in the submillimeter range, typically employing microchannels to facilitate reactions within a well-controlled confined space. The main technique applied to make the catalyst material out of pure substances. 0007016 preparation method 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource metal oxide A chemical compound formed by the reaction of a metal with oxygen. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000005 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource particle size A measure of the characteristic linear dimension of a particle in a sample, typically reported as diameter, equivalent diameter, or another size metric determined by an appropriate measurement method. 0008212 supported catalyst A catalyst where the active material is usually the minority phase and fixed on a high surface area, relatively inert solid. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007034 0005032 The resource has part another resource. This relation applies to container-contained type relationships. If the relation refers to publishing one resource as part of another resource, "IS_PUBLISHED_IN" instead. If the relation refers to a versioned resource and non-versioned resource, use "HAS_VERSION" instead. has part 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A collection of concepts most often appearing as publication keywords in the journal ChemCatChem (Wiley). 0000195 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the collection ChemCatChem keyword collection Photocatalysis collection 0001901 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the collection, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke updated members A collection of concepts referring to photocatalysis. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource spatial sampling interval The precise physical distance or step size that separates the centers of adjacent, discrete data acquisition points within a measurement scan or image. 0007129 Fischer-Tropsch technology An industrial term that covers the Fischer-Tropsch process and all the systems, equipment, and engineering methods used to apply it at commercial scale. This includes reactors, control systems, and plant designs used to produce synthetic fuels using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0001-6434-6623 Aleksandr Fedorov defined the resource 0000292 total measurement time 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource The total duration over which a measurement is conducted, including both the periods when the detector or measurement system is actively recording events and the periods when it is inactive due to dead time or processing delays. 0008096 real time RT 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource calcination final temperature Final temperature of the calcination step. 0000058 in situ analysis in-situ characterization in situ characterization in-situ analysis Characterization under the catalytic conditions without measuring the catalytic activity simultaneously. 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource 0007808 An analytical technique used to measure the energy loss of electrons passing through a sample. electron energy loss spectroscopy 0000068 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource EELS light power output 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The power of the light source (usually in W or mW). The power can be calculated by the multiplication of the current and voltage used to operate the light source. 0000174 The industrial implementation of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, encompassing in addition the associated engineering, reactor design, feedstock preparation, heat management, and product upgrading steps required for large-scale operation. Fischer-Tropsch process 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000281 synthesis temperature 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Temperature externally applied (if necessary) in any of the synthesis step. Higher temperature values can be observed if an exothermic reaction takes place during the synthesis. 0000051 An established standard to which the described resource conforms. This relation should be used to indicate the model, schema, ontology, or profile that the resource content conforms to. 0005059 conforms to 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0007232 Electrochemical cell in which analyte solution flows at a constant velocity through stationary tubular electrode(s). 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource flow cell 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource product concentration The concentration (usually in ppm or mol) of the products formed during a reaction. 0000127 0000161 optical window thickness Thickness of the optical window allowing the incoming light to enter the reaction chamber and interact with the catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource radical A chemical species that contains at least one unpaired valence electron. 0000229 0007240 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource impedance Impedance is the analogue of the resistance when applied to alternating current. That is, it is a measure of a circuit element's inability to carry the electrical current. 0000125 selectivity A dimensionless physical quantity describing how effective a reactant is converted to the desired product in a chemical conversion. It is calculated as the ratio between the amount of the desired product and the amount of the desired product that could have been formed if all reactants were converted to the desired product. The selectivity is 1 (or 100 %) if no other than the desired product is formed. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke generalized the definition nitrogen heterocycle 0000284 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A ring-shaped compound that contains at least one nitrogen atom as part of its cyclic structure along with carbon atoms. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A gas mixture comprised primarily of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in various ratios. syngas 0000268 synthesis gas 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000214 The ability of a chemical reaction to differentiate between enantiomers, leading to the preferential formation of one stereoisomer, often controlled by a chiral catalyst or reagent. enantioselectivity 0000152 A construction inside of which the catalyst and the reactants coexist, and the reaction takes place. photoreaction chamber reaction chamber 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource The part of the reactor where the catalyst is located, characterized by length, diameter, volume. 0007020 catalyst bed electron excitation charge photo-generation charge photogeneration photogenerated charges electron-hole pair The generation of electron - hole pairs in a semiconductor as a result of light absorption of sufficient energy to overcome the bandgap energy. Electrons (negative charge) get excited to the conduction band, while holes (positive charge) remain in the valence band. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource photoinduced charge generation 0000090 stereoselectivity The tendency of a reaction to yield one stereoisomer preferentially over another. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000263 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000242 The chemical reaction of adding an amino (-NH2) into a molecule to generate an amine. amination reaction amination The classification of a detector according to its underlying detection principle, design, or intended measurement mode detector type 0007114 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource experiment final temperature The temperature at the end of the experiment. 0000117 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource rate of reaction reaction rate 0007024 A physical quantity describing how fast a chemical reaction proceeds. It is defined by the change of the extend of reaction per unit of time. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource heterocyclic compound heterocycle 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000219 A cyclic compound composed of at least one atom other than carbon in its ring structure. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource primary energy; accelerating voltage; electron beam energy beam energy 0007108 The kinetic energy of the incident electron beam, typically measured in kiloelectronvolts (keV), which influences the interaction volume and excitation of X-rays in the sample. The physical thickness of the active region in a detector that is responsible for absorbing and converting incoming rays into charge carriers for signal generation. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource detector active layer thickness 0007116 detector excitation material thickness 0000147 vacuum pump 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Α mechanical device that removes gas molecules from a sealed chamber reaching pressures lower than the atmospheric pressure. 0000129 product identification method Spectroscopic or chromatographic methods used to identify the products of the reaction qualitatively and quantitatively. Such devices are usually attached to the reactor, or a sample is being transferred to an identification method via another medium (e.g., gastight syringes). 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000043 thin film depth The depth of the film of the deposited catalyst. 0007241 Initial frequency in for example an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource initial frequency 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007256 An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A cell in which chemical reactions occur spontaneously at the electrodes when they are connected through an external circuit, producing an electrical current. galvanic cell Specific of properties of the light source dictating its operation and its adequacy in the studied catalytic reaction. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000170 light source property pressure controller and monitor pressure controller pressure monitor pressure gauge Equipment (e.g., a vacuum pump) used for controlling and / or monitoring the pressure in various parts of a reactor. pressure controller 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000146 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007036 catalytic reactor A chemical reactor in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource minimum operation temperature Minimum of operation temperature range within the reactor can operate safely. 0000150 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000205 Epoxidation is the chemical process of converting an alkene into an epoxide, a three-membered cyclic ether, by adding a single oxygen atom across a carbon-carbon double bond. epoxidation 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource frequency The frequency of an alternating (ac) current is a measure of how many times the direction of the current flow changes, in the same direction, per second. As the direction of flow changes back and forth, the total number of directional changes, per second, is twice the frequency. 0007239 isomerization reaction isomerisation reaction isomerization A chemical reaction in which the main product is an isomer of the main reactant, entailing a change in molecular structure without altering the overall molecular composition. isomerisation 0000302 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource ICP-OES An analytical technique that uses a high‑temperature argon plasma to excite atoms and ions in a sample so they emit light at characteristic wavelengths for the purpose of determining the type and concentration of elements present, typically at trace to ultra‑trace levels. inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry 0008210 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A physical quantity that describes the amount of product produced per unit of time and unit of producing entity. The producing entity is for example the volume of a chemical reactor or in catalysis the mass or volume or moles of catalyst. Example unit: kg{product} / (hour * cubicmeter{catalyst}) 0005006 space-time yield 0000157 optical window 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A transparent material optimized to allow the transmission of electromagnetic radiation with low reflectance and scattering. CO oxidation reaction carbon monoxide oxidation carbon monoxide oxidation reaction The reaction in which carbon monoxide (CO) is converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂) through interaction with an oxidizing agent, typically oxygen (O₂). 0000289 CO oxidation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource optical window diameter Diameter of the optical window allowing the incoming light to enter the reaction chamber and interact with the catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000160 0007115 detector window dead layer entrance dead layer; inactive detection surface region A non-sensitive region at the surface of a detector, typically composed of silicon or other passive materials, in which incident rays of various kinds may be absorbed without generating a measurable signal. This layer reduces sensitivity. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource The effects a solvent exerts on chemical reactions and molecular properties. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource solvent effect 0000257 The rate of flow of reactants (often in ml per min) in the photoreactor. Flow rates are usually controlled by mass flow controllers (MFCs). 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000104 reactant flow rate A catalytic reaction for synthesizing an aldehyde from an alkene, by adding a formyl group (-CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. oxo process oxo synthesis hydroformylation reaction 0000222 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource hydroformylation processes 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000185 A series of temporal entities, like actions, events, changes, or functions that are not isolated but rather a connected sequence of activities. Processes often involve the transformation of inputs into outputs and can be conceptualized as workflows. Lewis acid 0000301 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A Lewis acid is a molecular entity that functions as an electron-pair acceptor, forming a coordinate covalent bond with a Lewis base through interaction with its lone electron pair. A thermal analysis technique which compares the heat flow in a sample and a reference material under controlled applied temperature profiles. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource differential scanning calorimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis DSC 0000071 differential scanning calorimetry sacrificial donor A molecule that donates electrons from photoexcited species in a redox reaction and is subsequently consumed or degraded. 0000107 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource current The movement of electrical charges in a conductor; carried by electrons in an electronic conductor (electronic current) or by ions in an ionic conductor (ionic current). 0007220 0007032 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource A representative temperature value for the operating temperature of a reactor. In the special case of an isothermal chemical reactor, this is the same as the reaction temperature. reactor temperature requires 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005048 The resource requires another resource. catalyst bed volume 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource The bulk volume taken up by the catalyst and potential diluent in a fixed bed reactor. apparent catalyst volume 0007021 A chemical reaction in which hydrogen (not directly from molecular hydrogen) is transferred to a molecule. 0000244 transfer hydrogenation reaction hydrogen transfer transfer hydrogenation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A measure of the time taken for a solute to pass through a chromatography column. It is the mean of the residence time distribution; it is known as the first moment of the residence time distribution. retention time 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007260 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005011 PID resource categories A collection of the resource categories used in pid4cat. Resource categories classify for which type of resource the PID is used, e.g. if the PID is for a sample or a device. electrode 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007201 The two electronically conducting parts of an electrochemical cell. person A physical entity which is a human beeing. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007045 chemical substance for synthesis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Chemical substances used in the synthesis process of a desired catalyst. 0000062 0007123 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource sample magnification A numerical value representing the ratio of the apparent size of a specimen as observed in an image to its true, physical size. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000181 Any entity that cannot be located in space-time. E.g., mathematical entities, formal semantics elements, regions within dimensional spaces, ideas, conceptual models. non-temporal abstract entity 0000052 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource synthesis pH The pH value in each of the synthesis steps. VIS Vis visible light visible 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths visible to the human eye, typically in the range of 400-800 nm. 0000178 0008097 X-ray photon energy 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource energy photon energy Energy of X-ray photons, representing the incident radiation in a measurement. is derived from 0005043 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource is derived from another resource. This may be used for relating a new dataset created by data processing to its original source dataset. For samples it may express the relation between the original sample and another sample derived from it by physical or chemical treatment. calcination dwelling time 0000060 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Time (usually in h) for which a desired temperature is held. 0005052 submitted The persistent identifier is reserved but the resource is not yet linked. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000192 A device that measures a specific physical or chemical property and converts it into readable signal, often for continuous monitoring. sensor The study and characterization of the temporal progression of physical and (bio-)chemical processes, with particular emphasis on the rates and mechanisms by which chemical transformations occur. kinetics 0000298 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0001900 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A collection of concepts referring to material characterization techniques and methods to evaluate their efficiency in photocatalysis. Characterization and evaluation techniques 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource SEM measurement attribute Metadata attributes relevant for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 0007130 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005018 The type of relation between two resources. These relations are for example used to express relations between resources identified by their persistent identifiers. resource relation 0000101 A starting substance that undergoes a chemical reaction to produce a desired product. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource reactant transition metal A chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table with a partially filled d-orbital. 0000309 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A high-resolution imaging technique that measures the interaction between a sharp probe and the sample’s surface to create a three-dimensional image of the surface’s morphology. scanning force microscopy SFM AFM atomic force imaging atomic-force microscopy 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource atomic force microscopy 0000070 A reaction vessel characterized by continuously fed reactnts, thorough mixing of fed reactants with the contents already present in the reactor by stirring and continous removal of a product stream from the system to maintain a constant volume. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource 0007019 CSTR continuous stirred tank reactor doctor blading 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A tape-casting method used to deposit thin films of a catalyst onto the surface of a substrate. 0000022 0000003 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource semiconductor A material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource TLT Time period during which a detector is ready to trigger on incoming events. 0008094 trigger live time 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource LT live time Time period during which a detector is actively recording or processing events, excluding periods of dead time. 0008095 effective measurement time A substance that is added to a chemical reaction. 0007005 reagent 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0000235 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The interaction between at least two constituent parts (e.g., substances, processes, chemical species) to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects, resulting in a more significant outcome than each part could achieve alone. synergistic effect 0000280 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A catalytic chemical reaction in which a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), is converted via a chain-growth mechanism into long-chain hydrocarbons (e.g., alkanes, alkenes or alcohols)—typically using iron or cobalt catalysts under moderate to high pressures and temperatures. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis A biocatalytic process performed in the presence of an enzyme. 0000207 enzyme catalysis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource is original form of another resource. This may be used e.g. for relating architecture-specific builds of a software program to a source-code release. It may also be used to express the relation between data in different formats (e.g. PNG, JPEG) of the same image. 0005041 is original form of 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005039 The resource compiles another resource. Resources may be text or software. The compiler may be a computer program or a person. compiles porous media A solid substance featuring pores, the size, arrangement and shape of which govern the material’s permeability, adsorption properties, and mechanical properties. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000270 porous material 0000118 experiment pressure 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The pressure (range) under which the catalytic reaction takes place. reaction conditions 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007039 Collection of environmental variables of a reaction such as temperature, pressure, reagent concentrations and flow rate. 0007044 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource The fractions of atoms of a specific chemical element located at the surface of a material versus the total number of atoms of this specific element in the material. dispersion 0000105 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Electron donors or hole scavengers used to reduce the recombination tendency of electrons and holes. Sacrificial reagents are used in catalysis to study an oxidation or reduction reaction separately. sacrificial reagant 0007106 CSTR model A stirred tank reactor model with always present feed and effluent streams. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource continuous stirred tank reactor model 0000077 X-ray analysis XRD X-ray diffractometry X-ray diffraction analysis X-ray structure determination X-ray crystallographic analysis X-ray crystallography 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A technique which analyses the diffraction pattern produced when X-rays are scattered by a sample bombarded by a focused electron beam. X-ray diffraction 0008092 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource incoming count rate Number of events per unit time arriving at the detector before dead time losses are considered. ICR synthesis 0000045 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The process by which one or more chemical reactions are performed with the aim of converting a reactant or starting material into a product or multiple products. flame ionization detector 0000132 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource FID A type of gas chromatography detector that detects and quantifies the concentration of organic compounds in a gas sample emerging from a column, by measuring the electrical current generated by ionized gas constituents in a hydrogen flame. solvent A liquid that dissolves another material. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007246 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000203 A branch of chemistry studying chemical reactions and processes driven and affected by light and the absorption of photons. photochemistry 0005035 The resource references another resource. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource references reactor design type A classification of chemical reactors based on the distinct design, configuration, and operational characteristics. Examples are stirred tank reactors, loop reactors, trickle beds, multitubular reactors, fluidized beds, and others. Each type is tailored to accomodate a specific combinations of reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, mass transfer requirements, and process variables. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke provided the definition 0007018 active site active centre 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007006 Those sites for adsorption which are the effective sites for a particular heterogeneous catalytic reaction. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A chemical reaction where a carbon-carbon bond is formed from two carbon-containing fragments. carbon-carbon coupling carbon-carbon coupling reaction C-C coupling C-C coupling reaction 0000223 0000183 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource An occurrence or happening, marked by a specific point in time. Events can be observed, recorded, and may have an impact on the state of the system or entities involved. events photoreactor engineering reactor design reactor engineering Details describing the construction, physical dimensions, and operation of the photoreactor used to perform a photocatalytic reaction. photoreactor design 0000128 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource calcincation gas flow rate 0000056 The flow of gas (usually in ml min-1) used in the calcination steps during synthesis. gas flow rate in calcination 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A catalytic process that facilitates reactions by controlling charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000216 electrocatalysis IWI 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource A synthesis method in which inorganic compounds are dissolved in a solvent and brought into contact with a solid support in order to deposit them. The volume of the solution corresponds exactly to the pore volume. 0007806 incipient wetness impregnation 0005054 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource obsoleted The persistent identifier is obsolete, e.g. because the resource is referenced by another persistent identifier. nanoparticle 0000293 A particle with dimensions in the nanoscale range. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0007131 measurement metadata attribute collection A collection of terms used in various measurement techniques, relevant in the domain of catalysis. (This collection is not exclusive) 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-2367-1988 Norbert Kockmann defined the resource 0000295 Organic mass of biological origin. biomass fluorescence signal fluorescence fluo 0008091 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource Measured detector signal resulting from fluorescence photons emitted by the sample upon X-ray excitation. The resource is source of another resource. This may be used for example to express the relation between a source dataset and a new dataset derived from it by data processing. For samples it may express the relation between a sample processed by physical or chemical treatment and the original sample. is source of 0005044 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource surface chemistry 0000238 A chemical processes occurring at surfaces and interfaces. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007042 The person carrying out a synthesis preparation. preparator 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource A name for a chemical reaction which assigns the reactants and (desired) products. 0007009 reaction name photoinduced hole transfer The transfer of a hole initiated by the absorption of a photon of sufficient energy. 0000089 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0005033 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource is published in The resource is published in another resource. A resource A that is_published_in a resource B is independent from other resources published in the same resource B. 0000187 equipment 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Apparatus, devices, and instruments employed in the construction and operation of experimental setups and the analysis of catalytic reactions and materials. 0005010 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource consumption rate rate of consumption Is a quantity describing how fast a reactant is consumed in a chemical reaction. It is defined by the amount of reactant consumed per unit of time. experiment initial pressure 0000119 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The pressure at the initiaton of the experiment or before a sampling event. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource current density Current referred to the unit area of the electrode. Current divided by the true electrode area. 0007221 A chemical reaction in which a carbonyl group (C=O) is introduced into a molecule, typically through the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) to a substrate. carbonylation carbonylation reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000247 XAS collection 0008098 A collection of concepts related to X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the collection 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005056 A representative part of a material of interest on which observations are made. specimen material sample 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource concentration of chemical substance for synthesis 0000065 Concentration of chemicals used for synthesis. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource H2O splitting A chemical reaction in which water molecules are dissociated into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, typically facilitted by catalysts and an external energy source. 0000206 water splitting 0000130 GC gas chromatography An analytical technique that separates and analyzes the components of a gas mixture by passing it though a stationary phase. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Characterization during the ongoing catalytic process whereby the catalytic activity is measured simultaneously. operando analysis operando characterization 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource 0007807 A field of chemistry focused in solving chemical problems through the use of mathematical modelling, chemical theory and computational techniques. computational chemistry 0000264 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0007112 real time; clock time; elapsed acquisition time measurement reference time 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource The total elapsed time during the data acquisition process, including both periods when the detector is actively collecting data and when it is not (due to dead time or processing delays). 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource An abstract concept/ideal reactor model type, in which the volume of fluid in the reaction vessel is considered to be perfectly mixed which results in the same concentration of all components in the whole reaction volume. stirred tank reactor model 0007103 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000154 Height, width and depth (in cubic- or rectangular- shaped reaction chambers) or diameter and height (in cylindrer - shaped reaction chambers). reaction chamber dimension photoluminescence 0000074 PL Light emission of lower energy photons from a sample upon its photoexcitation. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000134 dielectric-barrier discharge ionization detector 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Detector incorporating Ionization via a new dielectric barrier discharge He plasma. BID Optical systems involved in light irradiation. optical equipment 0000189 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource is metadata for 0005026 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource is metadata for another resource. 0005021 The resource is supplemented by another resource. is supplement to 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource reaction chamber shape The shape of the reaction chamber. In gas-phase reactions, reaction chambers have usually a cylindrical, cubical or rectangular shape. 0000155 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000182 temporal abstract entity Anything that has a temporal dimension, whether it is an instantaneous point in time, a duration, or a sequence of events. solute The dissolved species (e.g., a salt) in a solution. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007247 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The process of separating positive and negative charges in a semiconductor, typically as a result of an external force, (e.g., photoexcitation). charge separation 0000095 0000027 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource glass substrate A flat surface made of glass serving as a substrate for the deposition of a catalyst. H cell H-cell 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007236 The H-Cell is a two-compartment electrochemical cell used for membrane testing, hydrogen permeation, or any other experiment where two separate electrode chambers are required. 0000002 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A material that absorbs photons (light) of appropriate energy and initiates or accelerates a photochemical reaction, while it regenerates itself after each reaction cycle. photocatalyst photocatalytic material 0008102 catalyst deactivation 0000-0001-5161-4801 Arjun Neyyathala created this resource The progressive loss of catalytic activity and/or selectivity over time. Typically caused by factors such as chemical poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, chemical degradation, or mechanical failure. actions 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000184 Temporal entities that have a duration and occur at specific points in time. 0005031 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource is part of another resource. This relation applies to container-contained type relationships. If the relation refers to publishing one resource as part of another resource, use "IS_PUBLISHED_IN" instead. If the relation refers to a versioned resource and non-versioned resource, use "IS_VERSION_OF" instead. is part of The final environment in which the electrochemical reaction happens. Includes possibly purged electrolyte. 0007223 electrochemical environment 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource drying duration drying period drying time 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0008206 The period during which volatile components such as solvents or water are removed from a material under defined conditions. 0007231 In laboratory equipment, a beaker is generally a cylindrical container with a flat bottom. beaker beker becker 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource surface analysis The application of analytical techniques (e.g., spectroscopy and microscopy) to examine the composition, structure, and properties of surfaces. 0000265 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource light source distance The distance of the light source from the reaction chamber and the catalyst. 0000171 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000228 The property of an asymmetric molecule that makes it non-superposable on its mirror image, resulting in enantiomers with distinct chemical or biological properties. chirality 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource photoinduced electron transfer The transfer of an electron initiated by the absorption of a photon of sufficient energy. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-2367-1988 Norbert Kockmann edited the resource 0000088 0007025 A reaction rate that is normalized either to mass of active ingredient, surface area or certain measured adsorption sites. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource specific reaction rate An electrochemical cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy. The chemical reactions do not occur "spontaneously" at the electrodes when they are connected through an external circuit. The reaction must be forced by applying an external electrical current. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007257 electrolytic cell A chemical compound (salt, acid, or base) that dissociates into electrically charged ions when dissolved in a solvent. 0007224 electrolyte 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource thermogravimetric (TG) analysis TG thermogravimetric (TG) analyses thermo-gravimetric analysis TGA TG analysis TG measurements thermal gravimetric analysis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource thermogravimetric analysis A thermal analysis technique used to measure the change of a sample’s mass under the influence of controlled applied temperature profiles. 0000072 Gas which is used in purging. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007226 purging gas 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource The fluid used to remove residual reagents, by‑products, or adsorbates from a material or catalyst during a washing step, specified by its composition and purity. rinsing medium washing solvent rinse solvent wash liquid washing medium 0008205 cyclization A chemical reaction in which an acyclic (open-chain) precursor molecule is transformed into a cyclic structure. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource cyclization reaction 0000220 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource material 0000190 Substances used as catalysts, supports, or reactants in catalytic processes. 0007010 A group of chemical reactions with common conditions or reactants, e.g. Oxidation, Hydrogenation, Reduction, Cracking. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource reaction type reaction class 0000079 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource UV-Vis A technique used to measure the absorption, transmission or reflectance of light by a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa when a chemical reaction is occurring in the cell. Typically, it consists of two metal electrodes immersed into an aqueous solution (electrolyte) with electrode reactions occurring at the electrode-solution surfaces. See also galvanic cell and electrolytic cell. electrochemical cell 0007249 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource arylation 0000252 A chemical reaction in which one or more aryl groups are added into a molecule, commonly facilitated by a catalyst. arylation reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource thermal conductivity detector 0000133 A type of gas chromatography detector that measures the thermal conductivity of a gas sample and identifies its constituent molecules through changes in a filament’s temperature. TCD light operation voltage 0000173 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The value of voltage (usually in V or mV) used to operate the selected light source. transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy is a technique that produces high-resolution images if the internal structure of a sample by using a beam of electrons to bombard the thin sample and measuring the intensity of the scattered transmitted electrons. 0000078 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource TEM metal-organic framework Porous crystalline materials composed of metal nodes or clusters connected by organic linkers, forming highly ordered one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures with tunable properties. MOF 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000197 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, WHSV A physical quantity given by the volumetric flow entering a catalytic reactor divided by the mass of the undiluted catalyst bed in this control volume. In case of gases the flow at reference conditions (0°C, 100 kPa = 1 bar) is used. weight hourly space velocity 0007046 https://w3id.org/nfdi4cat/ NFDI4Cat Consortium multicomponent reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A synthesis process where three or more compounds react in the same reactor (one-pot reaction) to form a structurally complex single product that incorporates most of the atoms of the starting compounds. 0000251 MCR 0000249 kinetic resolution A process of separating two enantiomers of a chiral compound in a racemic mixture based on their different reaction rates in a chemical reaction. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000106 sacrificial acceptor A molecule that accepts electrons from photoexcited species in a redox reaction and is subsequently consumed or degraded. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR 0000073 A spectroscopic technique that uses a static magnetic field and radiofrequency radiation to measure the magnetic resonance of atomic nuclei protons or electrons. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource substrate thickness The thickness of the substrate. 0000036 The axial length of the packed catalyst section in a reactor, measured along the direction of flow between the defined bed boundaries. bed height packed bed height catalyst layer height 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource catalyst bed height 0008217 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000291 The generation of molecular hydrogen (H2) through chemical transformations. hydrogen production 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000267 bifunctional catalyst A single catalyst, integrating two distinct active sites with complementary functionalities, that participate synergistically in a chemical reaction. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos Moustakas The reduction half reaction where oxygen is reduced to water or hydrogen peroxide. In electrochemistry it takes place in the cathode. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000237 ORR oxygen reduction reaction Ratio of the amount of one substance compared to the amount of another substance. 0007844 molar equivalent 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource An anionic metal-oxygen cluster composed of early transition metals in high oxidation states, interconnected by shared oxygen atoms to form a closed 3-dimensional framework. 0000307 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource POM polyoxometalate collects 0005046 The resource collects another resource. May be used to indicate the relationship between an instrument and where it has been used to collect, measure, obtain, or observe data. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000177 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths typically in the range of 800 nm - 20000 nm. Ir IR infrared 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The surface area of the substrate. 0000037 substrate area substrate surface area The modification of chemical compounds by biological entities (e.g., enzymes) to yield more biologically active products. biotransformation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000248 A hollow cylindrical tube-like material structure at the nanoscale. 0000210 nanotube 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource light-emitting diode LED 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A solid-state semiconductor emitting light at highly controllable (narrow) wavelength ranges. light emitting diode 0000169 Voc4Cat - A SKOS vocabulary for Catalysis. The Voc4Cat vocabulary is a collection of concepts (or "terms") from the field of catalysis and related disciplines such as chemical engineering or materials science. For each concept, Voc4Cat provides a unique resolvable persistent identifier and a carefully written textual definition, which reflects the community's shared understanding of the concept's meaning. By using the identifiers provided by Voc4Cat to annotate data, rather than just words and symbols, ambiguity as to what is meant is avoided. Producing Voc4Cat-annotated data contributes to realising the vision of machine-actionability described as the ultimate goal of the FAIR principles. See also [voc4cat help](https://nfdi4cat.github.io/voc4cat/). 2023-06-29 2026-02-24 v2026-02-24 Created 2023-06-29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8313340 water oxidation The reaction in which water is converted (usually electrochemically or photocatalytically) into oxygen and protons. 0000250 water oxidation reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource coiled tubular reactor model 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource An extension of the concept of the tubular reactor model, in that the fluid does not flow though a straight tube but through a tube with regular bends, e.g. a coiled tube, which modifies the residence time distribution as compared to a straight tube. 0007105 renewable resource A natural resource that can be ecologically or artificially replenished at a rate faster than consumed and over a reasonable period on the human time scale. 0000231 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource The number of datapoints per unit of time. Inverse of sampling interval. sampling frequency 0007026 substrate depth 0000035 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The depth of the substrate. chemical reactor 0007035 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource A device designed for the controlled execution of chemical reactions. The process by which molecules or particles spontaneously organize into structured, well-defined functional systems, without external stimuli, but driven by local interactions. 0000227 self-assembly 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource detector performance measure 0008100 Measurable quantity that characterizes the performance or operational behavior of a detector during active operation. 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource pid4cat status 0005051 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A usage status of a pid4cat persistent identifier (PID). LC 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource liquid chromatography A sepation technique that uses a liquid mobile phase to separate the components of a mixture based on their interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase. 0000141 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000305 The quality of being free from change or variation or not taking part in chemical change. stability 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource A reagent which is added to a liquid solution to induce precipitation by reduction of solubility. precipitation agent 0008203 The temperature at the initiaton of the experiment. 0000116 experiment initial temperature 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000108 operation mode 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Operation mode under the which the experiment takes place: batch of continuous flow mode. rotating-disk electrode 0007248 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource rotating disk electrode RDE A specialized hydrodynamic electrode used in the study of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions and in electroanalysis for ensuring a known and controllable flow of solution over the electrode. 0007258 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource In contrast to substrate area, the actual area of a sample or electrode which is active. true electrode area active area 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource homogeneous catalysis A catalytic process where the catalytic species is present in the same physical phase as the reactants, typically in a sinlge liquid phase. 0000294 0000204 biocatalysis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A catalytic process catalyzed by the presence of biological entities. A process in which gaseous substances of known purity and concentration are introduced to the gas chromatograph and the respective area and retention time of the resulting peaks are identified. This process when concluded, allows for the calculation of concentrations of products and intermediates of the photoreaction. gas chromatograph calibration 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000136 0000256 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A process that utilizes physical, chemical, or biological processes to turn organic substances, like plant material and animal waste, into high-value products and energy forms (e.g., biofuels). biomass conversion 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource statistical sample 0005058 A representative part of an entity of interest on which observations are made and which is created by statistical sampling or subset selection. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The quotient of faradaic current to total current passed. 0007229 faradaic efficiency purging temperature 0007227 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource Temperature for which a gas is purged through the reaction chamber. The cell voltage under zero current conditions. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource OCV open circuit voltage 0007210 liquid phase analysis 0007813 Analysis of the liquid sample from a catalytic test. liquid-phase characterization liquid phase characterization liquid-phase analysis 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource The pressure drop occurring when collecting a gaseous sample from the reaction chamber. This pressure drop should be taken into consideration when calculating the concentration of formed products. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource experiment pressure drop 0000121 Fano factor A dimensionless constant that quantifies the statistical variation in the number of charge carriers generated per absorbed X-ray photon. Lower Fano factors indicate better intrinsic energy resolution of the detector material. 0007118 energy fluctuation coefficient; charge generation variability factor 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource ITO glass ITO 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource indium tin oxide coated glass Transparent conductive metal oxide (indium tin oxide) that can be used in the fabrication of transparent electrodes for thin films. 0000029 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource stage tilt 0007109 tilt angle The angle between the sample holder (stage) surface and the incident electron beam axis, used to optimize geometry for imaging or detection. enantioselective synthesis 0000239 asymmetric synthesis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A chemical synthesis process yielding stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in different rations. 0007031 A method to synthesize mixed oxide/non-oxide powders by combustion of liquid precursor droplets in a flame. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource flame spray pyrolysis 0000114 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The total duration in which a catalyst is under irradiation by the selected light source. irradiation duration 0000100 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A lab-scale experiment performed to test the efficiency of a studied photocatalyst in a photocatalytic application. photocatalytic experiment 0000306 hydrolysis reaction A solvolysis reaction where the solvent material is water. hydrolysis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A computational quantum mechanical modeling method used to investigate the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids, approximating their energy by using electron density as the key variable rather than wavefunctions. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource density functional theory DFT 0000215 An inert solid mixed with catalyst particles in a fixed bed to modify bed properties (e.g., improve heat transfer, hydrodynamics or isothermicity) without participating in the reaction. 0008218 catalyst dilution material 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource carbon-hydrogen activation C-H activation C-H bond activation carbon-hydrogen bond activation carbon-hydrogen activation reaction 0000202 A type of organic reaction in which a stable carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond is cleaved and replaced with a C-X bond. C-H activation reaction A dimensionless physical quantity describing the fraction of a product B that is formed from a reactant A taking into account the stoichiometry. If A fully reacts to B without side-reactions, the yield of product B is 1 (or 100 %). 0005005 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource yield Xe-lamp Xe lamp xenon lamp A lamp containing pure xenon (Xe) gas. Under electric current, the gas mixture gets ionized through a discharge electric charge creating a plasma generating UV and visible light. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000168 A voltammetry where the voltage changes linearly over time from a initial potential to a final potential. 0007211 LSV linear sweep voltammetry 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0000138 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource mass spectrometer detector Detectors of the mass spectrometer used to identify the reaction products and intemediates. Acceleration of a chemical reaction induced by the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource catalysis 0000296 The degree of a three-dimensional structural order of atoms which constitute the crystal lattice of a material. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000008 crystallinity Measure of the basic strength from OH- ions of a solution. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-2367-1988 Norbert Kockmann defined the resource basicity 0000308 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource User-applied offset to shift a measured energy scale, where positive values are added and negative values are subtracted, in order to align the data with a known reference (true energy value = measured energy value + offset). manual energy shift 0008090 XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000076 A technique that analyzes the chemical composition of an X-ray irradiated sample by measuring the energies of the emitted electrons. A material that initiates or increases the rate of a catalytic reaction, without it being consumed in the process. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000194 catalyst operation temperature range temperature range range of operation temperature 0000148 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource operation temperature Maximum and minimum of operation temperature range within the reactor can operate safely. quartz 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource quartz glass 0000031 A type of pure silicon dioxide, highly crystalline glass that allows the transmission of light in the UV wavelength range. A chemical reaction where one or more alkyl groups is introduced into a molecular structure via covalent bond formation. alkylation 0000303 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A reactor used to perform and study electrochemical reactions. electrochemical reactor 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000193 sensor window material; The material and structural configuration of the barrier or interface at the front of a detector that allows selected input signals to pass through while protecting internal components or maintaining internal conditions. 0007117 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource detector window material scanning dwell time 0007124 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource The specific interval of time that a scanning probe, beam, or sensor remains stationary at a single, discrete coordinate or pixel to acquire data. 0005037 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource documents another resource. documents 0007043 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource The person starting or carrying out a planned process. experimenter 0000180 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas and 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource Entity with a concrete and physical nature. physical entity 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource thin film thickness 0000042 The thickness of the film of the deposited catalyst. SAR structure activity relationship 0000225 structure-activity relationship 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A study of the correlation between the chemical structure of a molecule, its functional properties and its biological activity. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the outcome of a catalytic reaction. The evaluation can lead to changes in the synthesis of the catalyst and / or selecting different experimental parameters. 0000124 evaluation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-2367-1988 Norbert Kockmann defined the resource alloy 0000300 Mixture of metals with certain (often improved) mechanical, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other properties. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000271 A porous solid material containing pores with width smaller than 2nm. microporous material A chemical process that proceeds through a single transition state in one molecular event, encompassing bond formation, bond cleavage, adsorption, desorption, or surface migration. elementary step 2025-12-30 Complete rewrite of definition folowing OBO-style genus-differentia by gh:dalito 2025-01-20 Concept created by gh:chumannj 0007041 elementary reaction mass spectrometer calibration 0000140 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A process in which gaseous substances of known purity and concentration are introduced to the mass spectrometer and the respective mass-to-charge ratios are identified. This process when concluded, allows for the calculation of concentrations of products and intermediates of the photoreaction. The collection of instruments and devices used in an electochemical reaction. Can include electrodes, flow cells, beaker, does not include the electrochemical environment. 0007230 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource electrochemical setup 0000191 A device designed to identify a measurable change or signal in a system, often providing a binary (detected / not detected) or a qualitative response. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven added a child detector 0000126 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource apparent photonic yield AQY% AQY apparent quantum yield A measure of the efficiency of a photocatalytic reaction. It is expressed as the number of consumed charge carriers divided by the number of incident photons. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource hydrodeoxygenation A catalytic process in which oxygen is removed from oxygenated organic compounds using hydrogen. hydrodeoxygenation reaction HDO 0000226 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource nanostructure 0000213 A one-, two-, or three-, dimensional structure that has at least one dimension in the nanometer scale. The resource is a new version of another versioned resource. This is useful to refer between versioned resources, for example, "Python 3.12.1 is_new_version_of Python 3.12.0". 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005029 is new version of An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions. A fast-rising current pulse is enforced on the working electrode of an electrochemical cell and the potential of this electrode is measured against a reference electrode as a function of time. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource CP chronopotentiometry 0007208 The thickness of the membrane. 0007262 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource membrane thickness 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource calcination heat-treatment heat treatment 0000054 calcination step Heat treatment to reach the desired final catalyst. The parameters of the heat treatment can vary between each calcination step. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Thorough search of available literature on the research topic of interest using online research platforms (e.g, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Research Gate etc.) and / or libraries. Relevant literature can be found in the form of publications, books, abstracts and conference presentations. literature research 0000046 0008213 liquid hourly space velocity A physical quantity given by the volumetric flow of a liquid feed entering a catalytic reactor divided by the volume of the undiluted catalyst bed in this control volume; the quantity must be given in the unit 1/hour. The liquid flow rate is typically expressed at the operating conditions of the feed unless otherwise specified. LHSV 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0000017 powdered catalyst 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A catalyst introduced to the reaction chamber in the form of a powder. SEM An electron microscopy technique that produces high-resolution images under high magnification of a sample's surface by assessing the secondary and back-scattered electrons produced by a focused electron beam. scanning electron microscopy 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000075 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource is identical to 0005042 The resource is identical to another resource. May be used to indicate the relationship between an exact copy of a resource that is published at another location. The resource cites another resource. cites 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005020 reactor performance measure 0005001 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A measure to quantify how fast and selective a chemical conversion occurs in a reactor. A chemical conversion may include multiple reactions. silicon-drift detector SDD 0008083 Semiconductor-based X-ray detector type commonly used for fluorescence measurements, providing high energy resolution and fast count rates. silicon drift detector 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource A surface made of a ceramic material (e.g., alumina) serving as a substrate for the deposition of a catalyst. 0000032 ceramic substrate 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Pre-treatment of a catalyst before the reaction is initiated. sample pretreatment 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource,0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich, and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt contributed to the definition of the resource 0000122 sample pre-treatment ligand 0000287 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource An ion or molecule that binds to a central atom through electron pair donation, to form a coordination complex compound. chemoselectivity 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource is the preference of a chemical reaction to selectively react with one functional group in the presence of other reactive groups, leaving the latter unaffected. 0000212 0008202 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource catalyst component A component of a material that directly or indirectly influences its catalytic properties. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The range of parameters, critical for the safe operation of a reactor. operation parameters 0000142 0000034 The width of the substrate. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource substrate width The mass per area on a thin film sample, i.e. the working electrode. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007245 mass coverage 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource potentiostat An electronic instrument that controls the electrical potential difference between the working and reference electrodes of a three-electrode cell at a preset value. 0007205 flow operation continuous flow mode flow-mode continuous-flow mode flow mode Under flow conditions, a continuous flow of reactants is supplied to the reaction chamber and the formed products are removed and identified by an appropriate technique. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000109 0000159 The dimension of the optical window (diameter / thickness) allowing the incoming light to enter the reaction chamber and interact with the catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource optical window dimensions A catalyst that consists mainly of the active ingredient or phase. 0007015 bulk catalyst 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Raman raman scattering spectroscopy RAMAN Raman scattering spectrometry Raman spectrometry A spectroscopy technique studying the vibrational modes of molecules, by measuring the intensity and frequency of scattered by the sample of monochromatic light. Raman spectroscopy 0000069 0000112 purging duration Time for which a gas is purged through the reaction chamber. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The resource is variant form of another resource. This may be used e.g. for relating architecture-specific builds of a software program to a source-code release. It may also be used to express the relation between data in different formats (e.g. PNG, JPEG) of the same image. is variant form of 0005040 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005045 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource is collected by The resource is collected by another resource. May be used to indicate the relationship between a dataset and an instrument that is used to collect, measure, obtain, or observe data. Molecules with the same formula and atomic connectivity, but with different spatial arrangement of atoms. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource stereoisomer 0000240 The defined set of dimensions, often expressed as the total number of discrete points or pixels in one or more coordinates, that constitute the structural grid for a data recording. 0007128 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource measurement matrix size 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource is referenced by The resource is referenced by another resource. 0005034 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource synthesis equipment 0000061 Equipment used in each step of the synthesis of the catalysts. The equipment can include (but not limited to): crucibles, pH meters, condensers, volumetric cylinders, centrifuges, test tubes, flasks, beakers, mechanical shakers, pipettes, syringes, magnetic stirrers, heating plates, filters, funnels, and digital balances. cyclic voltammetry 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000082 CV cyclovoltammetry An electrochemical technique used to study the redox properties of a sample by measuring the current produced by an applied voltage sweep. substrate dimension The diamensions of the substrate. 0000033 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource reference electrode An electrode that has a well known and stable equilibrium electrode potential. reaction class 0007204 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource density functional theory calculation The application of density functional theory (DFT) to compute the electonic structure of atoms, molecules and solids. 0000282 DFT calculation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0005053 registered 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The persistent identifier is linked to a concrete resource. metathesis reaction 0000245 metathesis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A chemical reaction in which double bonds between atoms in two molecules are rearranged, yielding products formed by the exchange of molecular fragments between the reactants while keeping the number of double bonds the same. The energy difference between a semiconductor’s valence band top and conduction band bottom, which is required to excite an electron from the former to the latter. Eg energy bandgap bandgap energy 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000010 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007251 OCV measurement OCP measurement The measurement of the open circuit voltage of an electrochemical cell. open circuit voltage measurement 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005036 The resource is documented by another resource. is documented by 0000196 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource An area of study, focusing in a specific sub-section of the general field of catalysis. catalysis research field catalysis domain collection 0005012 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A PID resource category for a collection, which is a group of resources and/or other collections. The resource has a version. This is useful to refer to different versions of an abstract resource, for example, "Python has version Python 3.12.4". 0005027 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource has version 0000123 blank experiment Measurements performed to ensure that the studied catalytic reaction occurs because of the interaction of the catalyst with the reactants under the selected experimental conditions, and not from the environment or the reactor. control experiment 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000276 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction between the carbonyl groups of two compounds (typically aldehydes or ketones). A carbonyl group of one compound and the α-position of another carbonyl molecule react to form a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. aldol reaction The resource obsoletes another resource. 0005050 obsoletes 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A gas flow under which the calcination step takes place (e,g,, Ar or synthetic air). calcination gaseous environment 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource gaseous environment in calcination 0000055 The loss of catalytically active species from a solid catalyst into the surrounding reaction medium. 0000-0001-5161-4801 Arjun Neyyathala created this resource 0008101 catalyst leaching A process in which an acid donates protons (protonation or electron withdrawal) or stabilizes reaction intermediates to accelerate a chemical reaction. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000232 acid catalysis The introduction of foreign atoms into a semiconductor leading to the formation of new energy levels and charge concentrations. 0000015 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource doping aging duration maturation time 0008204 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource The duration during which a material, mixture, or suspension is kept under controlled conditions without further processing to allow time‑dependent structure‑ or property‑defining processes to proceed. aging time Techniques used to identify the (physico)chemical, morphological, structural, mechanical, optical and electrical properties of the syntesized catalysts. Characterization is performed after the synthesis of the catalysts to evaluate the success of the synthetic approach, but also after the completion of the evaluation of the materials in a reaction to ensure their stability under the selected experimental parameters. 0000066 characterization characterization technique 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Source used to irradiate a catalyst in a reaction chamber. These include sources with various intensities, power, and wavelength ranges, including Hg/Xe lamps, Xe lamps and LEDs. 0000166 light source 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource A measure which is proportional to the amount of a product with a specific retention time. After calibration it is used to calculate gas concentrations of products of an chemical experiment. peak area 0007261 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005049 is obsoleted by The resource is obsoleted by another resource. 0000175 light intensity The light intensity (usually in mW cm-2) of the selected light source. The light intensity should be measured at the same distance as the one between the light source and the reaction chamber / sample. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource PFR model 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource 0007102 plug flow reactor model An abstract concept/ideal reactor model type in which a liquid flows uniformly through the tube, resulting in a straight wave/flow front. Each fluid element has the same residence time. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource purging 0007225 The process of treating an electrolyte solution with gas. valence band 0000011 VB 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The band of energy levels in a solid fully occupied by electrons at 0 K (273.15 °C). The process of introducing new functional groups by cleaving and modifying a carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond into C-X (X=heteroatom or functional group). 0000277 carbon-hydrogen functionalization 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource C-H functionalization 0007207 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions. A fast-rising potential pulse is enforced on the working electrode of an electrochemical cell and the current flowing through this electrode is measured as a function of time. chronoamperometry CA batch-mode batch mode batch operation 0000110 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Operation mode in which the reaction chamber is filled with the (reactant) gas(es) up to a certain pressure, and the reaction products accummulate over time. operation pressure range range of operation pressure pressure range Maximum and minimum of operation pressure range within the reactor can operate safely. Higher operation temperatures can lead to higher pressure values. 0000143 operation pressure 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0008215 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource Ammonia temperature programmed desorption A temperature‑programmed desorption experiment that uses ammonia as a probe molecule to quantify the amount and strength distribution of acidic surface sites on a catalyst by monitoring NH₃ desorption under a controlled heating rate. ammonia TPD NH3-TPD 0005014 material 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A PID resource category for a material used in the research process. Note that in the PID resource categorization, a "material" is distinct from "sample" ([voc4cat:0005013](https://w3id.org/nfdi4cat/voc4cat_0005013)) and distinct from "device" ([voc4cat:0005015](https://w3id.org/nfdi4cat/voc4cat_0005015)) . hydrogen evolution reaction 0000241 A chemical reaction of generating molecular hydrogen in electrochemistry. HER 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007244 The measure of the amount of dissolved material (solute) in a solution. concentration 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource A category of analytical approaches defined by a shared measurement principle or detection mechanism (e.g., chromatography, mass spectrometry) used to obtain quantity values in analysis. 0008201 analytical measurement technique 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000198 A porous solid material containing pores with width between 2 and 50 nm. mesoporous material 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource formation rate 0005009 rate of formation Is a quantity describing how fast a product is formed in a chemical reaction. It is defined by the amount of product formed per unit of time. reversible hydrogen electrode A commonly used reference electrode. A hydrogen electrode immersed directly into the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell and usually (unless otherwise stated) operated with one atmosphere pressure hydrogen gas. The equilibrium potential depends on the hydrogen ion concentration (strictly speaking, activity) of the cell electrolyte. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007243 RHE 0005015 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource device A PID resource category for a physical device used in a research or manufacturing process. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000188 reactor equipment Components being integral parts of a catalytic reactor. The minimum concentration of a product or intermediate that the mass spectrometer can identify. mass spectrometer sensitivity 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000139 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource Concentration of the inert gas used to perform an experiment. inert gas concentration 0008214 0000176 λ light wavelength The distance between two successive peaks or troughs in a wave. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource spin coating spin casting spin-coating spin-casting 0000023 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A technique used to deposit uniform thin films onto a substrate (e.g., metal or glass) by spinning at high speeds a solution (paste) of the material onto the surface. synthesis pressure 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000053 Pressure applied (if necessary) in any of the synthesis step. Changes in the pressure may be observed if variations in the temperature of the reaction occur (e.g., exothermic reaction). 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The process by which photogenerated charges (electrons and holes) in a semiconductor recombine, resulting in the dissipation of energy in the form of e.g., heat or light. 0000091 charge recombination The number of converted substrate molecules per active catalytic site. TON 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource 0007803 turnover number desorption The process under which reactants, intermediates and products are released from the surface of the catalyst. Desorption can be facilitated by an increase in temperature or a change in the pH. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000094 dehydrogenation reaction 0000297 dehydrogenation A chemical reaction that involves the removal of two or more hydrogen atoms from a molecule. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A powerful tool for examining processes occurring at electrode surfaces. A small amplitude ac (sinusoidal) excitation signal (potential or current), covering a wide range of frequencies, is applied to the system under investigation and the response (current or voltage or another signal of interest) is measured. It is routinely used in electrode kinetics and mechanism investigations, and in the characterization of batteries, fuel cells, and corrosion phenomena. 0007209 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS The characteristics of a material or substance that determine how it interacts or responds to a magnetic field. magnetic property 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke edited the definition 0000255 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000006 Characteristic properties of a semiconductor used in catalysis. These properties determine its performance in the studied catalytic application. semiconductor property The targeted oxidation of a specific bond or functional group in a molecule leaving other sites unaffected, often directed by a catalyst. selective oxidation selective oxidation reaction 0000261 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007237 An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis, for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions, and for corrosion studies. "Voltammetry" is a family of techniques with the common characteristics that the potential of the working electrode is controlled (typically with a potentiostat) and the current flowing through the electrode is measured. voltammetry TOF The number of converted substrate molecules per active catalytic site per time which is equal to the turnover number per time. 0007817 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource turnover frequency 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource hydrothermal synthesis A technique of synthesizing substances from high-temperature and high-pressure aqueous solutions, typically performed in a sealed vessel. 0000273 0000049 synthesis design synthetic method synthesis procedure Necessary steps needed to follow to reach the desired catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000259 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction CO hydrogenation reaction carbon dioxide hydrogenation CO2 hydrogenation The reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with molecular hydrogen (H2) to produce value-added hydrocarbons or alcohols. mercury xenon lamp Hg/Xe lamp Hg-Xe lamp A lamp containing a mixture of mercury (Hg) and xenon (Xe) gases. Under electric current, the gas mixture gets ionized through a discharge electric charge creating a plasma generating UV and visible light. mercury-xenon lamp 0000167 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000044 The area of the substrate covered by the deposited catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource thin film area working electrode WE 0007202 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The electrode in a three-electrode cell where "the action is". minimum operation pressure 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Minimum of operation pressure range within the reactor can operate safely. 0000145 A type of catalytic test, where the performance of the catalyst is measured over an extended time period. Not to be performed at full conversion to be able to see catalyst deactivation, but usually also not at differential conditions to see the effect of product concentration on the catalyst. stability measurement 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007007 borosilicate glass 0000030 A resistant to thermal shock type of glass, composed mainly of silica and boron trioxide. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource electrical potential voltage Defined as the amount of work needed per unit of electric charge to move the charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field. By definition, the electric potential at the reference point is zero units. A typical reference point is earth (ground). 0007219 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The electrode where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell. It is the negative electrode in an electrolytic cell, while it is the positive electrode in a galvanic cell. cathode 0007254 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource hydrogenation hydrogenation reaction A chemical reaction of molecular hydrogen (H2) and another chemical species, typically facilitated by a catalyst. 0000260 The measure of an electrical circuit element's inability to carry electrical current. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource resistance 0007222 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005003 A measure to quantify how fast and selective a chemical conversion occurs over in presence of a catalyst. A chemical conversion may include multiple reactions. catalyst performance measure sample mass 0007038 The mass of a material sample. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry FTIR spectrometry Fourier transform infra-red absoprtion spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy FT-IR spectroscopy FTIR Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Fourier-transform infra-red absorption spectrometry FT-IR FTIR spectroscopy Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 0000080 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A spectroscopic technique used to study the vibrational modes of chemical bonds of a sample using infrared radiation. dead time 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource Time interval after an event during which a system or process is unable to respond to or record a subsequent event. dead-time 0008099 0000144 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource maximum operation pressure Maximum of operation pressure range within the reactor can operate safely. 0007023 A physical quantity given by the volumetric flow entering a control volume divided by the size of the control volume; the quantity must be given in the unit 1/hour. In heterogeneous catalysis the volume of the undiluted catalyst bed is used as characteristic control volume. In case of gases the flow at reference conditions (0°C, 100 kPa = 1 bar) is used. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource gas hourly space velocity GHSV drying temperature 0008207 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource The temperature at which a material is maintained during drying to control the removal of volatile constituents. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel, often hydrogen, and an oxidizing agent, typically oxygen, into electrical energy, with water and heat as the main byproducts. fuel cell 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000209 Peak full width at half maximum The spectral linewidth of a peak, expressed as the width between the two points on either side of the maximum intensity where the intensity is half of the maximum value.Also known as full width at half maximum (FWHM). 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource Mn FWHM; energy resolution at Mn Kα; manganese peak width; Mn resolution 0007119 0008087 Dimensionless quantity that expresses how much of the incident radiation is absorbed by a material. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the ratio of transmitted intensity to the incident intensity. Absorbance depends on the absorption properties of the material, the path length, and the concentration of absorbing species. 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource absorbance Charge referred to the unit area of the electrode. Charge divided by electrode area. electrical charge density 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007253 carbon dioxide reduction reaction CO2 reduction reaction carbon dioxide reduction The chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide (CO₂) is converted into value-added chemicals or fuels through electron and proton transfer, typically facilitated by a catalyst under electrochemical, photochemical, or thermochemical conditions. CO2 reduction 0000290 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000266 A process of accelerating natural evolution of biological molecules (e.g., proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids) and systems by random mutagenesis and selective screening leading to tailored properties and functionality. DE directed evolution 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000208 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A type of catalysis where the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by the addition of a substoichiometric quantity of an organic (non-metallic) compound. organocatalysis hydrogenolysis hydrogenolysis reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A chemical reaction which involves the cleavage of a chemical bond in the presence of hydrogen, often performed catalytically. 0000253 The ratio of emitted fluorescence photons to absorbed photons. 0008086 fluorescence yield 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource 0005007 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource Describes a transformation that changes the chemical composition of involved materials. chemical conversion A process, during which elevated temperature is applied to increase the reaction rate of a reaction in presence of a catalyst. thermal catalysis 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007002 David Linke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-1820 is version of The resource is a version of another resource. This is useful to refer to an abstract resource that has different versions, for example, "Python 3.12.4 is version of Python". 0005028 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0000025 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The material that the substrate is made of. Common materials include: glass (conductive or not), ceramics and metal. substrate material 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The diamensions of the - deposited on the substrate - thin film. thin film dimension 0000040 0007206 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource potentiometry An electroanalytical technique based on the measurement of the electromotive force of an electrochemical cell comprised of a measuring and a reference electrode. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource faradaic current The current that is flowing through an electrochemical cell and is causing (or is caused by) chemical reactions (charge transfer) occurring at the electrode surfaces. 0007259 oxygen vacancy A type of a structural point defect in a crystal lattice where an oxygen atom is missing from its expected position. 0000279 OV 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The substate onto which a (powdered) catalyst is deposited. Such substrates include glass surfaces (e.g., borosilicate glass or conductive glass like ITO and FTO), ceramic substrates (e.g., alumina) or metal substrates (e.g., Ti foils, stainless steel etc.). 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000024 substrate 0000243 A chemical reaction where two or more unsaturated molecules unite to form a ring-shaped (cyclic) compound. cycloaddition reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource cycloaddition immobilization immobilization technique 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000020 A technique used to deposit (immobilize) a (powdered) catalyst on a substate. These techniques include (but are not limited to): doctor blading, spin coating, spray coating, etc.. deposition technique An analytical technique which determines the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample to give information about the composition of the sample. mass spectrometry MS 0000137 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A measure to quantify how fast and selective a chemical conversion occurs. A chemical conversion may include multiple reactions. 0005002 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource chemical conversion performance measure 0005023 The resource is continued by another resource. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource is continued by oxidation The loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of a species. 0000097 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0007809 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource The gaseous environment in which a process, such as a catalytic test, synthesis or a measurement, takes place. atmosphere A PID resource category for a material sample ([voc4cat:0005056](https://w3id.org/nfdi4cat/voc4cat_0005056)). 0005013 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource sample Mathematical correction applied to compensate for detector dead time effects in measured count rates. 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource dead time correction dead-time correction 0008085 A synthesis method in which inorganic compounds are dissolved in a solvent and brought into contact with a solid support in order to deposit them completely or in parts onto the surface. 0007028 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource impregnation Duration of each synthesis step needed to synthesize the desired catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource synthesis duration 0000050 gas flow gas feed 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000162 Flow rates of gases used in an experiment. Gases can have either the role of a reactant (e.g., CO2) or be inert (e.g., Ar, He). 0000087 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A multi-step process iniatiated by the absorption of photons by a photocatalyst. This process involves various sub-processes that include the photogeneration and transfer of electron and hole pairs. photocatalytic process CC chronocoulometry 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions. A fast-rising potential pulse is enforced on the working electrode of an electrochemical cell and the electrical charge passing through this electrode is measured as a function of time. 0007212 A technique used to deposit uniform thin films onto a substrate by spraying a solution of the material onto the surface. spray coating 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000021 spray-coating A catalyst introduced to the reaction chamber in the form of a thin film. To form a thin film, a (powdered) catalyst is deposited on a substrate (e.g., glass or metal) using an appropriate deposition technique. 0000019 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann generalized the definition thin film reaction temperature 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource The temperature at which a chemical reaction is happening. 0007013 output count rate OCR 0008093 outgoing count rate Number of events per unit time successfully processed and recorded by the detector after dead time losses. 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource temperature controller and monitor temperature gauge temperature monitor heating device cooling device 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000151 temperature controller Equipment used for controlling and/or monitoring the temperature in various parts of a reactor. This can include hot plates, heating elements and cryostats. 0008211 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource ICP-MS An analytical technique that uses a high‑temperature argon plasma to ionize elements in a sample and a mass spectrometer to separate and quantify those ions based on their mass‑to‑charge ratio enabling highly sensitive, multi‑element trace and ultra‑trace analysis. The range of pore sizes in a material. 0000009 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource pore size distribution 0000099 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource photocatalytic CO2 reduction CO2 photoreduction artificial photosynthesis photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction carbon dioxide photoreduction The light-driven reduction (conversion) of carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbons and / or platform chemicals in presence of water. The absorption of light and the adsorption of the reactants is performed by a photocatalyst (usually a metal oxide). 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource thin film mass 0000039 Mass of catalyst deposited onto the surface of a substrate. reactor feed The composition of chemical species fed to the inlet of a chemical reactor. 0007004 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource 0005057 spatio-temporal sample 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A representative part of an entity of interest on which observations are made and which is created by time-based or spatial selection. It may have a lower dimension than the entity of interest. For example, an image may be a spatio-temporal sample of a 3D object. photocatalysis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000001 A process which catalyzes a chemical reaction through the absorption of sufficient light energy by a photocatalyst. 0000236 oxygen evolution reaction A chemical reaction of generating molecular oxygen in electrochemistry. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource OER 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource liquid sample 0007811 Liquid fraction which is collected from the catalytic reaction mixture for analysis. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource Chemical reactors are often classified by their abstract concept. The reactor model type characterizes the basic physicochemical behavior of a reactor and thus creates a level of comparability between reactors. Different reactor model types are often used in simulation to simplify complex equations and physical behaviors. 0007101 reactor model type 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The electrical potential at which a linear sweep or cyclic voltammetry starts. initial potential 0007216 Asymmetric catalysis is a catalytic process in which a chiral catalyst directs the formation of a chiral compound, preferentially producing one enantiomer over the other, thereby enhancing enantioselectivity in chemical reactions. 0000217 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource asymmetric catalysis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass Transparent conductive metal oxide (fluorine doped tin oxide) that can be used in the fabrication of transparent electrodes for thin films. FTO FTO glass 0000028 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A chemical reaction that is performed in a continuous flow stream of reagents. continuous flow chemistry 0000269 flow chemistry The calibrated span, from a minimum to a maximum intensity, within which an analytical instrument or detector can quantitatively measure or process an incoming signal. 0007127 signal range 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0007001 heterogeneous catalysis 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource A process during which a chemical reaction is accelerated by the presence of a catalyst in a different phase than the reactant. The reaction generally proceeds at the interface. gas phase characterization gas-phase characterization gas-phase analysis 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource 0007814 Analysis of the gaseous sample from a catalytic test. gas phase analysis 0000084 The energy state occupied by an electron in a catalyst. This state can affect the electron's ability to participate in a catalytic reaction. electronic state 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The ability of a chemical action to differentiate between diastereoisomers, leading to the preferential formation of one diastereoisomers over another. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource diastereoselectivity 0000274 The complete period during which a detector actively accumulates photons or other signal-generating particles to constitute a single, distinct measurement. 0007125 signal integration time 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource carbon dioxide fixation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000285 The chemical or enzymatic incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds (typically carbohydrates). The sum of all faradaic efficiencies in an experiment. If all current is accounted for should be 1. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource total faradaic efficiency 0007263 0007829 A compound that is added in a known concentration to a product mixture to determine the concentration of another compound. 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource internal standard dead time dead-time 0008084 Time interval after each detection event during which the detector is unable to record another event. detector dead time 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource The property of a chemical reaction to occur at a specific reactive site on a molecule, leading to the preferential formation of one regiosomer over others. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000211 regioselectivity 0000153 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource reaction chamber volume Volume of the reaction chamber, calculated by its dimensions. Volume of pipes and valves connected to the reaction chamber should also be calculated and added to the total volume. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource EF Fermi level 0000007 The energy level in a semiconductor where the probability of finding an electron is 0.5. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000093 adsorption The adhesion of a gas, liquid or dissolved solid chemical of interest onto a solid surface. reaction chamber material Material used for the construction of the main body of the reaction chamber. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000156 reduction The gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state of a species. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000098 volume of chemical substance for synthesis 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Volume of chemicals used for synthesis. 0000064 polymerization reaction polymerisation reaction polymerization 0000304 polymerisation A process in which low molecular weight monomers (of the same or different kind) are combined forming a long-chain or three-dimensional, high molecular weight polymer molecule. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0008089 absorbance of the sample Absorbance measured on the investigated sample, quantifying how much of the incident radiation is absorbed relative to the incident beam. 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource 0000047 Assembly of literature research to include only the most relevant sources of information for the application / experiment / catalysts of interest. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource literature collection 0000041 The width of the film of the deposited catalyst. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource thin film width 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource An apparatus or system designed for the controlled execution of reactions, encompassing a wide range of processes including chemical, nuclear, biochemical, or other physical transformations. reactor 0007017 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005025 The resource has metadata in another resource. has metadata experiment temperature 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000115 The temperature (range) under which the catalytic reaction takes place. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A thin film of the catalyst deposited on an appropriate for the application substrate. deposited sample 0000038 The branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between electrical potential and chemical transformations, focusing on electron transfer processes, particularly redox reactions at electrode interfaces. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource electrochemistry 0000218 0000057 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Initial temperature of the calcination step. calcination initial temperature handbook 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource 0007012 A definition of best practice procedures to measure consistent datasets. A material or specimen with known and well-characterized properties that is used as a standard for calibration or validation of measurements. 0007122 measurement reference material 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Michael addition reaction Michael reaction A C-C (or C-X) bond forming reaction in which a nucleophile (typically an enolate), reacts with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. Michael addition 0000278 0007242 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource final frequency Final frequency in for example an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource A PID resource category for a data service, which is an organized system of operations that provide data processing functions or access to datasets. data service 0005017 analytical measurement method 0008219 A generic description of the logical sequence of operations based on a stated measurement principle to produce measurement results, typically further specified as a detailed measurement procedure for implementation. 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The electrode where oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell. It is the positive electrode in an electrolytic cell, while it is the negative electrode in a galvanic cell. anode 0007255 0005038 is compiled by 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource is compiled by another resource. Resources may be text or software. The compiler may be a computer program or a person. heterogeneous catalyst 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction that is in a different phase than the reagents. 0007003 The net time during which the detector is actively recording, excluding time lost to processing (dead time). 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource 0007113 active acquisition time live time; effective counting time; life time measurement channel A distinct signal pathway in a measurement system, defined by a particular detector, detector element, or signal processing range, through which data are collected. In setups with multiple detectors or detector arrays, each channel represents one of the parallel streams of measurement that can be acquired and analyzed separately. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource data channel; signal bin 0007121 Graphical representation of the results of a voltammetric measurement. 0007238 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource voltammogramm A PID resource category for a collection of data available for access or download. A data object might be a data file, a data set, a data collection. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource data object 0005016 photo-excitation The state caused by the transition of electrons from the valence band top to the conduction band bottom by absorption of photons of sufficient energy. 0000096 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource photoexcitation XAS Fluorescence 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource Mode of XAS measurement where absorption is probed via fluorescence yield. 0008082 A stirred tank reactor model characterized by the absence of either feed or effluent flows. Examples modes of operation are batch (neither feed nor effluent), feed batch (only feed) , or drained batch (only effluent). 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource 0007107 batch stirred tank reactor model discontinuous stirred tank reactor model The resource supplements another resource. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005022 is supplemented by 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The electrical potential at which a linear sweep or cyclic voltammetry ends. 0007217 final potential Mass of chemicals used for synthesis. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000063 mass of chemical substance for synthesis A substance that is added to a reaction or material and influences the reaction outcome or material properties. 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource additive 0007793 0007794 A substance which is used as starting material for the synthesis of a functional material, for example a catalyst, and is transformed during the synthesis. 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource precursor 0008208 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource drying atmosphere The gaseous environment present during drying of a material (e.g., air, nitrogen, oxygen, vacuum). 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource 0007120 linear calibration linear scaling calibration A method of scaling measurement output using a constant proportional relationship between the measured signal and its corresponding physical quantity. 0000149 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Maximum of operation temperature range within the reactor can operate safely. maximum operation temperature 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0009-0006-1375-2895 Marc Völkenrath contributed to the definition of the resource in-plane rotation azimuth angle sample azimuth angle 0007111 The in-plane rotation angle of the specimen around the beam axis, used to align crystallographic directions or detector orientation relative to the sample. A step within the synthesis of a catalyst whereby a precursor is dissolved or dispersed in a solution. solvation 0007840 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource 0000016 catalyst form 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann generalized the definition The form in which the catalyst is introduced to the reaction chamber. This can include e.g., powders, pellets or thin films deposited on a substrate. 0000059 Rate of increasing or decreasing the temperature during the calcination step. Usually mentioned in K min-1. calcination heating rate 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000275 water chemistry 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The study of water’s properties and its interactions with other substances in chemical reactions. 0000012 CB The energy band of electronic levels of partially or fully filled mobile electrons in a metal or a semiconductor. conduction band 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Addition and organization of relevant literature of interest using a citation management software (e.g., Mendeley, Zotero, EndNote etc.) allowing for easy access and categorization. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource literature organization 0000048 The resource is cited by another resource. 0005019 is cited by 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource product mixture 0007838 The sum of all products after a catalytic reaction which is analysed to measure the catalytic performance. 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource 0007234 charge transport 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The phenomenon of movement (transportation) of electrical charge (that is, the electrical current) from one part of the electrochemical cell to another, occurring mainly as electromigration of ions, but it can also occur by diffusion of ions. See electrochemical potential. conversion 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005004 A dimensionless physical quantity describing the fraction of a reactant that reacts in a chemical conversion. If a reactant is consumed completely its conversion is 1 (or 100 %). MFC MFCs mass flow controller 0000164 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A mass flow controller (MFC) is a device used to measure and control the flow of liquids and gases. A mass flow controller is designed and calibrated to control a specific type of liquid or gas at a particular range of flow rates. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource, 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann modified the resource A quantity describing the progress of a chemical reaction. For any chemical entitiy taking part in the reaction it is defined by the amount of chemical entity formed devided by its stoichiometric number in the reaction. extent of reaction 0005008 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource base catalysis A process in which base abstracts protons (deprotonation or electron donation) or stabilizes reaction intermediates to accelerate a chemical reaction. 0000233 Measure of the acidic strength of a solution. acidity 0000299 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0000-0002-2367-1988 Norbert Kockmann defined the resource https://github.com/orgs/nfdi4cat/teams/voc4cat-curators Voc4Cat curator group The electrical potential difference at which the potential in a linear sweep or cyclic voltammetry is altered. step size potential 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007218 Description if a substance is brought into a homogeneous solution in the presence of a liquid solvent or if it remains (partly) undissolved. 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource solubility 0007839 electron microscopy 0000288 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A microscopy technique that uses an electron beam as a source of sample illumination. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource upper limit potential The maximal electrical potential in a cyclic voltammetry. This is where the sweep turns. 0007215 0000286 An element- and orbital- specific analytical technique that probes the energy-dependent absorption of X-rays from synchrotron radiation, to study the electronic and geometric properties of materials. XAS X-ray absorption spectroscopy 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource, 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven added children 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource In voltammetry: a complementary pair of forward and reverse potential sweeps. voltammetry cycle 0007233 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000230 cascade reaction domino reaction tandem reaction A domino reaction is a chemical process of at least two consecutive sub-reactions occurring spontaneously in the same reaction vessel, without the need to add additional reagents, change reaction conditions and isolate intermediates. Each sub-reaction uses the product(s) already formed in the previous steps as reactant(s). sequential reaction 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource gas chromatograph sensitivity 0000135 The minimum concentration of a product or intermediate that the gas chromatograph can identify. green chemistry 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The science and technology of sustainable and environment friendly chemical processes and products that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances, while minimizing waste and energy consumption. 0000200 sustainable chemistry 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000085 ground state Τhe lowest energy state of a system. hydrosilylation hydrosilylation reaction hydrosilation catalytic hydrosilation 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000224 A chemical reaction where a silicon-hydrogen (Si-H) bond is added across an unsaturated bond typically catalyzed by a transition metal catalyst. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource catalyst type Some characteristics that define the catalyst, which can be related to composition, active phase, or role. 0007014 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource CO2-TPD carbon dioxide TPD 0008216 A temperature‑programmed desorption experiment that uses carbon dioxide as a probe molecule to characterise basic surface sites on solids by measuring CO₂ desorption as the sample is heated at a defined rate. Carbon dioxide temperature programmed desorption 0007795 coprecipitation co precipitation co-precipitation 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource A synthesis method for chemical substances which includes the simultaneous precipitation of two or more precursors. 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource calcination Treatment of a solid substance or mixtures of solids at elevated temperatures. 0007030 0000013 specific surface area 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource SSA Α measure of the total surface area of a material per unit mass or volume. 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007250 Equipment used in an electrochemical setup. electrochemical equipment Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis BET 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource The study of physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface for the calculation of the specific surface area of materials. 0000081 All the necessary equipment needed to perform a catalytic experiment involving irradiation. The system apart from the light source can include, filters, power units, lamp cooling devices etc.. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource irradiation system 0000165 0007235 separator 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource A thin structural material (usually a sheet) used to separate the electrolyte of a divided electrochemical cell into two or more compartments. membrane XES XRES X-ray emission spectrometry XRF spectrometry XRF X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy X-ray fluorescence spectrometry XRF spectroscopy 0000067 X-ray fluorescence 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A non-destructive analytical technique which uses a high-energy X-ray source to expose a material and monitors the emitted characteristic fluorescent X-Rays. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource reductive amination reductive amination reaction 0000262 The typically catalyzed reduction of carbonyl groups to form primary and secondary amines, through an imine intermediate. 0000026 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A flat surface made of a metal (e.g., titanium, stainless steel) serving as a substrate for the deposition of a catalyst. metallic substrate 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource is previous version of 0005030 The resource is a previous version of another versioned resource. This is useful to refer between versioned resources, for example, "Python 3.12.0 is_previous_version_of Python 3.12.1". Equipment used for controlling and / or monitoring the flow of gases (reactant or inert) needed for a catalytic experiment. Mass flow controllers (MFCs) are commonly used to control gas flows. gas flow controller and monitor gas flow controller 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000163 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A method used in cyclic voltammetry to determine the charge carrier concentration and the flat-band potential of an electrochemical system by measuring the capacitance as a function of applied voltage. 0000083 Mott-Schottky analysis UV-A UV VUV UV-B UV-C ultraviolet 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength typically in the range of 100-400 nanometers. 0000179 0007008 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource A type of catalytic test, where the depletion of formation of chemical substances is measured, usually performed under differential conditions kinetic measurement A synthesis method involving the thermal treatment of a mixture of substances in aqueous solution or in form of a slurry in water characterised by heating the mixture in a sealed reaction vessel to a temperature greater than the boiling point at standard pressure . 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource 0007029 hydrothermal synthesis 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource Absorbance measured on a reference material under the same experimental conditions as the sample. Typically used for calibration, normalization, or comparison. absorbance of the reference 0008088 The portion of a powder catalyst sample that passes through a standard sieve of specified number and is retained by some finer sieve. 0007022 sieve fraction 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource optical window material 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Material that the optical window is made of. The window, usually attached to the lid sealing the reaction chamber, allows the incoming light to interact with the catalyst. The material of the window influences the wavelength range that the catalyst experiences. 0000158 cross-coupling reaction 0000201 A cross-coupling reaction is a catalytic, metal-mediated reaction that forms carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds by joining two different molecular fragments, typically through the activation of electrophilic and nucleophilic partners. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource cross-coupling 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource The resource is required by another resource. is required by 0005047 0000221 The process of designing and modifying protein structures via genetic or chemical alterations to improve their stability, activity, specificity, and functionality. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource protein engineering hydroxylation reaction 0000258 The addition of a hydroxyl group (-OH) to a molecule, typically by replacing a hydrogen atom. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource hydroxylation Τhe temporary state of a system with higher energy than its ground state caused by an external factor. excited state 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000086 macroporous material 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource A porous solid material containing pores with width larger than 50nm 0000272 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource sampling interval 0000113 The time in between the collection of two data points. categories of semiconductors Broad families of semiconducting materials (e.g., metal oxides) that can be used as catalysts in various applications. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000004 modification technique 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000014 Techniques used to modify the properties of a catalyst, with the aim to increase its efficiency in a catalytic application. absorption Absorption is the process in which energy (e.g., photons) or an absorbent (e.g., a gas) is taken up by an absorbate. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000092 0000172 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource light operation current The value of current (usually in A or mA) used to operate the selected light source. 0007104 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource A reactor model, in which opposing to the ideal plug flow behavior, friction is acting on the fluid, thus creating a residence time distribution. tubular reactor model 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource electrocatalyst A material which directs and accelerates an electrochemical reaction while remaining unchanged in the process. 0000254 deprecated The persistent identifier is deprecated, e.g. because the resource can no longer be found. 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke created the resource 0005055 0000246 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource nanocatalysis The application of materials with dimensions in the nanoscale, to catalyze chemical reactions. 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource 0007126 A predefined operational setting or configured strategy that dictates the specific protocol, parameters, and method by which experimental data is collected. acquisition mode 0000199 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource reaction mechanism A reaction mechanism is the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions at the molecular level that explains how an overall chemical reaction proceeds. external standard 0007828 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource A compound that is used to generate a calibration curve which can then be used to determine the concentration of a compound in a reaction mixture. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource electron transfer The relocation of an electron from one donor chemical species (atom, ion, or molecule) to another chemical entity (acceptor) changing their oxidation states in the process. 0000283 Detectors of the gas chromatogragh used to identify the reaction products and intemediates. gas chromatograph detector 0000131 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource The number of cycles in a measurement, such as a cyclic voltammetry. 0007228 number of voltammetry cycles Purity of reactants used in an experiment. Purity is a measure of the impurities contained in the reactants' supply. The highest purity reactants should be used to ensure the collection of reliable results. 0000103 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource reactant purity 0007027 0000-0002-4041-0165 Julia Schumann created the resource, 0000-0002-5898-1820 David Linke contributed to the definition of the resource precipitation A synthesis method in which a solid material (a precipitate) sediments from a liquid solution in which the material is present in a concentration greater than its solubility in the liquid. An information content entity that represents the proposed sequence of elementary reactions and intermediate species through which a chemical transformation proceeds. 2025-12-30 Complete rewrite of definition to be a clearly an information content entity (not a process) by gh:dalito 2025-01-20 Concept created by gh:chumannj 0007040 reaction mechanism chemical reaction mechanism In cyclic voltammetry, the rate at which the potential of the working electrode is varied, i.e., = (dE/dt). The value of is always cited as positive. scan rate potential 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource sweep rate potential 0007213 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource 0000111 experiment duration The total duration of an experiment. reactant concentration 0000102 Concentration of the reactants used to perform an experiment. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource experiment final pressure 0000120 The pressure at the end of the experiment or after a sampling event. 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource Mass of a powdered catalyst used for an experiment. 0000018 0000-0002-6242-2167 Nikolaos G. Moustakas created the resource powder mass 0007812 gas sample gaseous sample 0000-0003-4418-7455 Franziska Flecken created the resource Gaseous fraction which is collected from the catalytic reaction mixture for analysis. 0008209 The fractions of analytes in a samples as determined by an analytical method. 0000-0002-5561-4320 Ivo Kuehnrich and 0000-0001-5886-7860 Hendrik Borgelt created this resource composition 0009-0008-1278-8890 Michael Götte created the resource 0007203 counter electrode An electrode in a three-electrode cell that is used only to make an electrical connection to the electrolyte so that a current can be applied to the working electrode. CE 0008081 Mode of XAS measurement where absorption is determined from transmitted X-rays. XAS Transmission 0009-0004-3786-0773 Carla Terboven created the resource