Simulation
The Simulation data class captures metadata describing theoretical and computational studies in catalysis. It documents methodological background, computational settings, and modeling approaches required to interpret simulation results.
Computational approaches are organized under the parent field simulation method, which includes techniques such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics, microkinetic modeling, and Monte Carlo simulations. Selection of a specific method activates the corresponding method-specific metadata fields necessary to describe model setup and computational parameters.
CURIE: NCIT:C48936
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Description:A short description for Comprehension purposes
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Data Type: This specifies exactly what kind of information belongs in this field. Most simply, it could be a direct value, such as a number (float) or a piece of text (string). However, the Data Type can also point to another Class in the schema. When this happens, the field is not just a single value; it becomes a structured container. Designating a Class as the Data Type causes the field to contain a complete structured record, defined entirely by its own comprehensive collection of specific fields. Consequently, this allows for the systematic construction of complex data structures via organized, nested information layers within the broader schema architecture.
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Cardinality: This controls how many entries a specific data field must have. It defines if a field is required or optional, and whether it can accept a single value versus a list of multiple values.
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CURIE: A CURIE (Compact URI) is a short, easy-to-read reference that acts as a useful shortcut for a long, complex web address. Instead of seeing a full URL, you will see a two-part reference like gene:symbol, where the parts are separated by a colon. The first part is the prefix (a short code for the source website), and the second is the local identifier for the specific item. This structure is much easier to read and type, making the schema less cluttered and reducing errors. The full web link (URI) for the CURIE is always available if you click the provided link.
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Schema Reference: This link directs you to the complete, technical documentation for this part of the schema. This detailed view is generated automatically by LinkML's documentation tool and provides all underlying rules, data types, and complex relationships for expert users and developers.
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Slots: A Slot represents an individual data field or attribute that belongs to a specific Class (entity type) within the schema. If a Class defines an entity like 'Book', the Slots define the individual pieces of information about that book, such as the 'title', 'author', and 'ISBN'. Essentially, Slots are the essential building blocks that define the characteristics and permissible data for every record in the schema.
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Enumerations: Often called an Enum, Enumerations are a predefined, fixed list of permissible values that a Slot can accept. It is used to strictly limit the available choices for a data field to ensure consistency and prevent errors. For example, a 'Status' field might be restricted to the Enumeration list of only 'Active', 'Inactive', or 'Pending'. Any data entered that is not on this limited list is considered invalid by the schema.
Slots
software package (Mandatory, Multivalued)
Description: Software package or code used for the simulation (e.g. VASP, Quantum ESPRESSO, LAMMPS, CP2K, ORCA, Zacros). Include version number where possible.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Mandatory, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:software_package
Schema Reference: software_package
calculated property (Mandatory, Multivalued)
Description: A property computed by this Simulation, provided as a CalculatedProperty instance. Multiple properties may be computed in a single simulation run.
Data Type: CalculatedProperty
Cardinality: Mandatory, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:calculated_property
Schema Reference: calculated_property
Data Type Class Details:
CalculatedProperty
Abstract Class
Description: Abstract QualitativeAttribute representing a property computed by a Simulation. Concrete subclasses carry the property-specific output values and the computational settings used to produce them. Linked from Simulation via the calculated_property slot.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:CalculatedProperty
Schema Reference: CalculatedProperty
Possible Subclasses / Enumerations of CalculatedProperty:
ThermodynamicStability
Description: Thermodynamic stability of a material or phase, characterised by formation energy, convex hull distance, and competing phases. Used to screen catalyst stability and predict synthesis feasibility.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ThermodynamicStability
Schema Reference: ThermodynamicStability
Slots
formation energy (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Formation energy per atom relative to elemental reference states.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:formation_energy
Schema Reference: formation_energy
Unit: eV
reference energies (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Elemental reference energies used to compute formation energies (e.g. DFT total energies of elemental ground-state structures).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:reference_energies
Schema Reference: reference_energies
energy above hull (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Distance above the convex hull of stable phases (thermodynamic stability metric). Zero for phases on the hull; positive values indicate metastability.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_above_hull
Schema Reference: energy_above_hull
Unit: eV
phase diagram type (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Type of phase diagram constructed (e.g. binary, ternary, quaternary).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:phase_diagram_type
Schema Reference: phase_diagram_type
competing phases (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: List of stable competing phases used in convex hull construction (e.g. "Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, Fe").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:competing_phases
Schema Reference: competing_phases
Piezoelectricity
Description: Piezoelectric response of a non-centrosymmetric material, described by the piezoelectric tensor. Relevant for piezocatalysis applications.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:Piezoelectricity
Schema Reference: Piezoelectricity
Slots
piezoelectric tensor (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Components of the piezoelectric tensor e_ij (C/m²) or d_ij (pC/N), describing the coupling between stress and electric polarization.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:piezoelectric_tensor
Schema Reference: piezoelectric_tensor
crystal symmetry (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Point group or space group symmetry of the crystal structure.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:crystal_symmetry
Schema Reference: crystal_symmetry
strain applied (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Magnitude of applied strain in the piezoelectric calculation.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:strain_applied
Schema Reference: strain_applied
ionic electronic contributions (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Decomposition of the piezoelectric or dielectric response into ionic (nuclear) and electronic contributions.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ionic_electronic_contributions
Schema Reference: ionic_electronic_contributions
ElasticConstants
Description: Elastic mechanical properties of a material derived from the elastic tensor, including bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ElasticConstants
Schema Reference: ElasticConstants
Slots
elastic tensor (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Full Voigt-notation elastic tensor C_ij (GPa) describing the linear elastic response of the material.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:elastic_tensor
Schema Reference: elastic_tensor
bulk modulus (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Bulk modulus (resistance to uniform compression).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:bulk_modulus
Schema Reference: bulk_modulus
Unit: GPa
shear modulus (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Shear modulus (resistance to shear deformation).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:shear_modulus
Schema Reference: shear_modulus
Unit: GPa
poisson ratio (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Poisson's ratio (ratio of transverse to axial strain under uniaxial load).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:poisson_ratio
Schema Reference: poisson_ratio
young modulus (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Young's modulus (stiffness under uniaxial tension or compression).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:young_modulus
Schema Reference: young_modulus
Unit: GPa
Surfaces
Description: Surface properties of a catalyst computed from a periodic slab model, including surface energy, Miller index, slab thickness, and vacuum spacing. Central to heterogeneous catalysis modelling.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:Surfaces
Schema Reference: Surfaces
Slots
surface energy (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Cleavage energy per unit area required to create the surface from the bulk. A lower value indicates a more stable surface facet.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:surface_energy
Schema Reference: surface_energy
Unit: J/m2
miller indices (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Miller indices of the modelled surface facet (e.g. "(111)", "(110)", "(100)").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:miller_indices
Schema Reference: miller_indices
slab thickness (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Thickness of the periodic slab model used to represent the surface.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:slab_thickness
Schema Reference: slab_thickness
Unit: Ao
vacuum spacing (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Vacuum layer thickness added above the slab to prevent spurious periodic interactions between slab images.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:vacuum_spacing
Schema Reference: vacuum_spacing
Unit: Ao
surface termination method (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Method used to terminate the slab and handle dangling bonds (e.g. H-passivation, OH-termination, dipole correction).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:surface_termination_method
Schema Reference: surface_termination_method
DielectricTensors
Description: Dielectric tensor computed from density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). Characterises the optical and static dielectric response of a material.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:DielectricTensors
Schema Reference: DielectricTensors
Slots
dielectric tensor (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Components of the static and/or high-frequency dielectric tensor epsilon_ij, computed from DFPT.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:dielectric_tensor
Schema Reference: dielectric_tensor
born effective charges (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Born effective charge tensors Z*_ij for each atom, describing how the polarization changes with atomic displacements.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:born_effective_charges
Schema Reference: born_effective_charges
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff
Schema Reference: energy_cutoff
Unit: eV
convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria
Schema Reference: convergence_criteria
k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh
Schema Reference: k_point_mesh
PhononDispersion
Description: Phonon dispersion relations computed from interatomic force constants, providing access to vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic quantities, and dynamical stability (imaginary modes).
CURIE: coremeta4cat:PhononDispersion
Schema Reference: PhononDispersion
Slots
force constant method (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Method used to compute the interatomic force constants (e.g. finite differences / supercell method, DFPT/linear response).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:force_constant_method
Schema Reference: force_constant_method
kq point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: k/q-point mesh for phonon Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "8×8×8"). Distinct from the electronic k-point mesh.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:kq_point_mesh
Schema Reference: kq_point_mesh
smearing parameter (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Smearing or broadening parameter applied to the phonon density of states.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:smearing_parameter
Schema Reference: smearing_parameter
Unit: eV
imaginary modes (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Whether imaginary (soft) phonon modes are present in the dispersion. Imaginary modes indicate dynamical instability of the structure.
Data Type: boolean
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:imaginary_modes
Schema Reference: imaginary_modes
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
EquationsOfState
Description: Equation of state relating energy (or enthalpy) to volume, fitted to a parametric model (e.g. Birch-Murnaghan). Used to extract equilibrium volume, bulk modulus, and its pressure derivative.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:EquationsOfState
Schema Reference: EquationsOfState
Slots
fit method (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Parametric model used to fit the energy-volume curve (e.g. Birch-Murnaghan 3rd order, Vinet, Murnaghan).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:fit_method
Schema Reference: fit_method
bulk modulus (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Bulk modulus (resistance to uniform compression).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:bulk_modulus
Schema Reference: bulk_modulus
Unit: GPa
pressure derivative (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Pressure derivative of the bulk modulus B' (dimensionless).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:pressure_derivative
Schema Reference: pressure_derivative
fit residuals (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Root-mean-square residuals of the energy-volume fit.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:fit_residuals
Schema Reference: fit_residuals
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff
Schema Reference: energy_cutoff
Unit: eV
convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria
Schema Reference: convergence_criteria
k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh
Schema Reference: k_point_mesh
AqueousStability
Description: Electrochemical (Pourbaix) stability of a catalyst in aqueous solution as a function of pH and electrode potential. Critical for electrocatalyst stability screening.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:AqueousStability
Schema Reference: AqueousStability
Slots
ph range (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: pH range covered in the Pourbaix stability diagram (e.g. "0–14").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ph_range
Schema Reference: ph_range
potential range (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Electrode potential range covered in the Pourbaix diagram (e.g. "-2 to +2 V vs SHE").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:potential_range
Schema Reference: potential_range
solvation model (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Implicit solvation model used to account for aqueous environment (e.g. VASPsol, SCCS/Environ, COSMO).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:solvation_model
Schema Reference: solvation_model
ionic strength (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Ionic strength of the electrolyte solution modelled.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ionic_strength
Schema Reference: ionic_strength
Unit: mol/L
temperature (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Temperature during a process or measurement.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: AFR:0001584
Schema Reference: temperature
Unit: Cel
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
GrainBoundaries
Description: Grain boundary structure and energetics from atomistic simulation. Relevant for understanding polycrystalline catalyst behaviour, sintering, and charge/defect segregation.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:GrainBoundaries
Schema Reference: GrainBoundaries
Slots
grain boundary plane (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystallographic plane of the grain boundary, expressed using Miller indices (e.g. "Sigma5 (310)[001]").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:grain_boundary_plane
Schema Reference: grain_boundary_plane
misorientation angle (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Misorientation angle between adjacent grains at the boundary.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:misorientation_angle
Schema Reference: misorientation_angle
Unit: deg
grain boundary energy (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Excess energy per unit area of the grain boundary.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:grain_boundary_energy
Schema Reference: grain_boundary_energy
Unit: J/m2
simulation cell size (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Dimensions of the simulation cell used to model the grain boundary (e.g. "10×10×30 nm").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:simulation_cell_size
Schema Reference: simulation_cell_size
gb excess volume (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Excess volume per unit area associated with the grain boundary.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:gb_excess_volume
Schema Reference: gb_excess_volume
gb structural units (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Description of the structural units (repeating atomic motifs) that constitute the grain boundary structure.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:gb_structural_units
Schema Reference: gb_structural_units
charge defect segregation (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Data describing charge carrier or point defect segregation behaviour at the grain boundary (e.g. segregation energy per defect type).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:charge_defect_segregation
Schema Reference: charge_defect_segregation
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
ElectronicStructure
Description: Electronic band structure and density of states, characterising the electronic properties of a catalyst relevant to activity descriptors (d-band centre, band gap, Fermi energy).
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ElectronicStructure
Schema Reference: ElectronicStructure
Slots
smearing method (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Electronic smearing scheme and width used in the SCF calculation (e.g. Methfessel-Paxton order 1 with sigma=0.2 eV, Gaussian with sigma=0.05 eV).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:smearing_method
Schema Reference: smearing_method
spin polarized (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Whether the electronic structure calculation is spin-polarized (accounts for spin-up and spin-down electrons separately).
Data Type: boolean
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:spin_polarized
Schema Reference: spin_polarized
band path (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: High-symmetry k-path through the Brillouin zone used to plot the band structure (e.g. "Gamma-X-M-Gamma-R" for cubic, following SeeK-path convention).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:band_path
Schema Reference: band_path
fermi energy (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Fermi energy (chemical potential of electrons) in the calculated system.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:fermi_energy
Schema Reference: fermi_energy
Unit: eV
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff
Schema Reference: energy_cutoff
Unit: eV
convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria
Schema Reference: convergence_criteria
k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh
Schema Reference: k_point_mesh
Ferroelectrics
Description: Ferroelectric properties computed from DFT, including spontaneous polarization, switching barrier, and coercive field. Relevant for ferroelectric-photocatalyst design.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:Ferroelectrics
Schema Reference: Ferroelectrics
Slots
polarization direction (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystallographic direction of the spontaneous electric polarization (e.g. "[001]" for tetragonal BaTiO_3).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:polarization_direction
Schema Reference: polarization_direction
spontaneous polarization (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Magnitude of the spontaneous electric polarization.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:spontaneous_polarization
Schema Reference: spontaneous_polarization
Unit: uC/cm2
reference structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Reference (paraelectric/centrosymmetric) structure used as the zero- polarization endpoint in the Berry-phase polarization calculation.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:reference_structure
Schema Reference: reference_structure
switching barrier (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Energy barrier for polarization switching between equivalent states.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:switching_barrier
Schema Reference: switching_barrier
Unit: eV
coercive field (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Electric field required to reverse the polarization direction.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:coercive_field
Schema Reference: coercive_field
Unit: kV/cm
temperature dependence (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Description of how the ferroelectric properties vary with temperature.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:temperature_dependence
Schema Reference: temperature_dependence
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
BandGap
Description: Electronic band gap and its character (direct/indirect), with optional many-body (GW) or excitonic corrections. Critical for photocatalyst and semiconductor catalyst screening.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:BandGap
Schema Reference: BandGap
Slots
material sample (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Reference to the material or MaterialSample being characterised by this calculated band gap.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: VOC4CAT:0005056
Schema Reference: material_sample
structure model (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Model structure used in the band gap calculation (e.g. bulk unit cell, surface slab, defect supercell).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:structure_model
Schema Reference: structure_model
smearing broadening (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Gaussian or Lorentzian broadening applied to the simulated spectrum.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:smearing_broadening
Schema Reference: smearing_broadening
Unit: eV
direct indirect (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Band gap character: "direct" (VBM and CBM at same k-point) or "indirect" (VBM and CBM at different k-points).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:direct_indirect
Schema Reference: direct_indirect
experimental reference (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Experimental band gap value used for benchmarking the calculation.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:experimental_reference
Schema Reference: experimental_reference
Unit: eV
gw hybrid correction (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Whether a many-body GW correction or hybrid functional (e.g. HSE06) was applied to correct the DFT band gap underestimation.
Data Type: boolean
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:gw_hybrid_correction
Schema Reference: gw_hybrid_correction
excitonic correction (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Excitonic correction (from Bethe-Salpeter equation) applied to the optical band gap.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:excitonic_correction
Schema Reference: excitonic_correction
Unit: eV
material composition (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition
Schema Reference: material_composition
crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: SIO:001100
Schema Reference: crystal_structure
energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff
Schema Reference: energy_cutoff
Unit: eV
convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria
Schema Reference: convergence_criteria
k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh
Schema Reference: k_point_mesh
realized plan (Mandatory, Multivalued)
Description: The SimulationMethod (protocol) realized in this Simulation.
Data Type: SimulationMethod
Cardinality: Mandatory, Multivalued
Schema Reference: realized_plan
Data Type Class Details:
SimulationMethod
Abstract Class
Description: Abstract Plan describing the computational method (protocol) used in a Simulation. Concrete subclasses carry method-specific parameter slots. Linked from Simulation via realized_plan.
CURIE: OBI:0000272
Schema Reference: SimulationMethod
Possible Subclasses / Enumerations of SimulationMethod:
DFT
Description: Density functional theory — a quantum mechanical method for calculating the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and periodic solids. The most widely used ab initio method in computational catalysis.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:DFT
Schema Reference: DFT
Slots
exchange correlation functional (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Exchange-correlation functional used (e.g. PBE, PBEsol, RPBE, B3LYP, HSE06). The choice of functional directly affects accuracy.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:exchange_correlation_functional
Schema Reference: exchange_correlation_functional
energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff
Schema Reference: energy_cutoff
Unit: eV
convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria
Schema Reference: convergence_criteria
dft u parameters (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Hubbard U correction parameters (DFT+U). Specify element, orbital, and U value (e.g. "Fe d: U=4.0 eV, J=0.0 eV").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:dft_u_parameters
Schema Reference: dft_u_parameters
spin polarization (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Whether spin polarization (collinear magnetism) is included in the DFT calculation. Set to true for systems containing magnetic elements.
Data Type: boolean
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:spin_polarization
Schema Reference: spin_polarization
total energy per atom (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Total DFT ground-state energy divided by number of atoms in the unit cell.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:total_energy_per_atom
Schema Reference: total_energy_per_atom
Unit: eV
MolecularDynamics
Description: Molecular dynamics simulation — a method for computing the time evolution of a system of interacting particles by integrating the equations of motion. Used to study diffusion, reaction kinetics, and thermal properties.
CURIE: NCIT:C18097
Schema Reference: MolecularDynamics
Slots
force field (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Force field or interatomic potential used (e.g. ReaxFF, CHARMM, Tersoff, EAM). Include parametrisation source or reference.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:force_field
Schema Reference: force_field
simulation timestep (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Integration timestep used in molecular dynamics.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: APOLLO_SV:00000012
Schema Reference: simulation_timestep
Unit: fs
simulation time (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Total simulated physical time of the MD trajectory.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:simulation_time
Schema Reference: simulation_time
Unit: ps
ensemble type (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Statistical ensemble used in MD (e.g. NVE, NVT, NPT). Determines which thermodynamic quantities are conserved.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:ensemble_type
Schema Reference: ensemble_type
number of atoms (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Number of atoms in the simulation cell or supercell.
Data Type: integer
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:number_of_atoms
Schema Reference: number_of_atoms
Microkinetics
Description: Microkinetic modelling — a mean-field kinetic approach that integrates elementary reaction steps and their rate constants to predict catalytic activity and selectivity under reaction conditions.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:Microkinetics
Schema Reference: Microkinetics
Slots
rate constants (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Rate constants or Arrhenius parameters (pre-exponential factor and activation energy) for each elementary step in the reaction network.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: NCIT:C94967
Schema Reference: rate_constants
solver type (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Numerical solver used for the microkinetic rate equations (e.g. LSODA, stiff ODE solver, steady-state Newton method).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:solver_type
Schema Reference: solver_type
temperature (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Temperature during a process or measurement.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: AFR:0001584
Schema Reference: temperature
Unit: Cel
pressure (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Total pressure used in microkinetic or Monte Carlo simulation.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:pressure
Schema Reference: pressure
Unit: bar
surface coverage (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Surface coverage of adsorbed species (fraction of surface sites occupied).
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:surface_coverage
Schema Reference: surface_coverage
activation energy (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Activation energy for each elementary step in the reaction mechanism.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:activation_energy
Schema Reference: activation_energy
Unit: eV
MonteCarlo
Description: Monte Carlo simulation — a stochastic method that samples configuration space using random moves accepted or rejected according to a statistical criterion (e.g. Metropolis). Used for adsorption isotherms, phase diagrams, and lattice-based kinetics.
CURIE: coremeta4cat:MonteCarlo
Schema Reference: MonteCarlo
Slots
interaction potential (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Interaction potential or Hamiltonian used to compute energies in MC moves.
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:interaction_potential
Schema Reference: interaction_potential
number of steps (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Total number of Monte Carlo moves or trial configurations generated.
Data Type: integer
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:number_of_steps
Schema Reference: number_of_steps
temperature (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Temperature during a process or measurement.
Data Type: float
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: AFR:0001584
Schema Reference: temperature
Unit: Cel
lattice size type (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Lattice geometry and dimensions used in lattice-based MC (e.g. "100×100 square lattice", "hexagonal 50×50").
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:lattice_size_type
Schema Reference: lattice_size_type
acceptance criteria (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Criterion for accepting or rejecting MC moves (e.g. Metropolis, Kawasaki, heat-bath algorithm).
Data Type: string
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:acceptance_criteria
Schema Reference: acceptance_criteria
equilibration steps (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Number of MC steps used for equilibration before data collection begins.
Data Type: integer
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:equilibration_steps
Schema Reference: equilibration_steps
sampling interval (Optional, Multivalued)
Description: Interval between successive MC snapshots used for property averaging.
Data Type: integer
Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued
CURIE: coremeta4cat:sampling_interval
Schema Reference: sampling_interval