Skip to content

Simulation

The Simulation data class captures metadata describing theoretical and computational studies in catalysis. It documents methodological background, computational settings, and modeling approaches required to interpret simulation results.

Computational approaches are organized under the parent field simulation method, which includes techniques such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics, microkinetic modeling, and Monte Carlo simulations. Selection of a specific method activates the corresponding method-specific metadata fields necessary to describe model setup and computational parameters.

CURIE: NCIT:C48936

Legend
  • Description:A short description for Comprehension purposes

  • Data Type: This specifies exactly what kind of information belongs in this field. Most simply, it could be a direct value, such as a number (float) or a piece of text (string). However, the Data Type can also point to another Class in the schema. When this happens, the field is not just a single value; it becomes a structured container. Designating a Class as the Data Type causes the field to contain a complete structured record, defined entirely by its own comprehensive collection of specific fields. Consequently, this allows for the systematic construction of complex data structures via organized, nested information layers within the broader schema architecture.

  • Cardinality: This controls how many entries a specific data field must have. It defines if a field is required or optional, and whether it can accept a single value versus a list of multiple values.

  • CURIE: A CURIE (Compact URI) is a short, easy-to-read reference that acts as a useful shortcut for a long, complex web address. Instead of seeing a full URL, you will see a two-part reference like gene:symbol, where the parts are separated by a colon. The first part is the prefix (a short code for the source website), and the second is the local identifier for the specific item. This structure is much easier to read and type, making the schema less cluttered and reducing errors. The full web link (URI) for the CURIE is always available if you click the provided link.

  • Schema Reference: This link directs you to the complete, technical documentation for this part of the schema. This detailed view is generated automatically by LinkML's documentation tool and provides all underlying rules, data types, and complex relationships for expert users and developers.

  • Slots: A Slot represents an individual data field or attribute that belongs to a specific Class (entity type) within the schema. If a Class defines an entity like 'Book', the Slots define the individual pieces of information about that book, such as the 'title', 'author', and 'ISBN'. Essentially, Slots are the essential building blocks that define the characteristics and permissible data for every record in the schema.

  • Enumerations: Often called an Enum, Enumerations are a predefined, fixed list of permissible values that a Slot can accept. It is used to strictly limit the available choices for a data field to ensure consistency and prevent errors. For example, a 'Status' field might be restricted to the Enumeration list of only 'Active', 'Inactive', or 'Pending'. Any data entered that is not on this limited list is considered invalid by the schema.

Slots

software package (Mandatory, Multivalued)

Description: Software package or code used for the simulation (e.g. VASP, Quantum ESPRESSO, LAMMPS, CP2K, ORCA, Zacros). Include version number where possible.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Mandatory, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:software_package

Schema Reference: software_package

💡 Submit Term Feedback

calculated property (Mandatory, Multivalued)

Description: A property computed by this Simulation, provided as a CalculatedProperty instance. Multiple properties may be computed in a single simulation run.

Data Type: CalculatedProperty

Cardinality: Mandatory, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:calculated_property

Schema Reference: calculated_property

Data Type Class Details:

CalculatedProperty

Abstract Class

Description: Abstract QualitativeAttribute representing a property computed by a Simulation. Concrete subclasses carry the property-specific output values and the computational settings used to produce them. Linked from Simulation via the calculated_property slot.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:CalculatedProperty

Schema Reference: CalculatedProperty

💡 Submit Term Feedback

Possible Subclasses / Enumerations of CalculatedProperty:

ThermodynamicStability

Description: Thermodynamic stability of a material or phase, characterised by formation energy, convex hull distance, and competing phases. Used to screen catalyst stability and predict synthesis feasibility.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ThermodynamicStability

Schema Reference: ThermodynamicStability

Slots

formation energy (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Formation energy per atom relative to elemental reference states.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:formation_energy

Schema Reference: formation_energy

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

reference energies (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Elemental reference energies used to compute formation energies (e.g. DFT total energies of elemental ground-state structures).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:reference_energies

Schema Reference: reference_energies

💡 Submit Term Feedback

energy above hull (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Distance above the convex hull of stable phases (thermodynamic stability metric). Zero for phases on the hull; positive values indicate metastability.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_above_hull

Schema Reference: energy_above_hull

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

phase diagram type (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Type of phase diagram constructed (e.g. binary, ternary, quaternary).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:phase_diagram_type

Schema Reference: phase_diagram_type

💡 Submit Term Feedback

competing phases (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: List of stable competing phases used in convex hull construction (e.g. "Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, Fe").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:competing_phases

Schema Reference: competing_phases

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

Piezoelectricity

Description: Piezoelectric response of a non-centrosymmetric material, described by the piezoelectric tensor. Relevant for piezocatalysis applications.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:Piezoelectricity

Schema Reference: Piezoelectricity

Slots

piezoelectric tensor (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Components of the piezoelectric tensor e_ij (C/m²) or d_ij (pC/N), describing the coupling between stress and electric polarization.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:piezoelectric_tensor

Schema Reference: piezoelectric_tensor

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal symmetry (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Point group or space group symmetry of the crystal structure.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:crystal_symmetry

Schema Reference: crystal_symmetry

💡 Submit Term Feedback

strain applied (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Magnitude of applied strain in the piezoelectric calculation.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:strain_applied

Schema Reference: strain_applied

💡 Submit Term Feedback

ionic electronic contributions (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Decomposition of the piezoelectric or dielectric response into ionic (nuclear) and electronic contributions.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ionic_electronic_contributions

Schema Reference: ionic_electronic_contributions

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

ElasticConstants

Description: Elastic mechanical properties of a material derived from the elastic tensor, including bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ElasticConstants

Schema Reference: ElasticConstants

Slots

elastic tensor (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Full Voigt-notation elastic tensor C_ij (GPa) describing the linear elastic response of the material.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:elastic_tensor

Schema Reference: elastic_tensor

💡 Submit Term Feedback

bulk modulus (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Bulk modulus (resistance to uniform compression).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:bulk_modulus

Schema Reference: bulk_modulus

Unit: GPa

💡 Submit Term Feedback

shear modulus (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Shear modulus (resistance to shear deformation).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:shear_modulus

Schema Reference: shear_modulus

Unit: GPa

💡 Submit Term Feedback

poisson ratio (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Poisson's ratio (ratio of transverse to axial strain under uniaxial load).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:poisson_ratio

Schema Reference: poisson_ratio

💡 Submit Term Feedback

young modulus (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Young's modulus (stiffness under uniaxial tension or compression).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:young_modulus

Schema Reference: young_modulus

Unit: GPa

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

Surfaces

Description: Surface properties of a catalyst computed from a periodic slab model, including surface energy, Miller index, slab thickness, and vacuum spacing. Central to heterogeneous catalysis modelling.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:Surfaces

Schema Reference: Surfaces

Slots

surface energy (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Cleavage energy per unit area required to create the surface from the bulk. A lower value indicates a more stable surface facet.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:surface_energy

Schema Reference: surface_energy

Unit: J/m2

💡 Submit Term Feedback

miller indices (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Miller indices of the modelled surface facet (e.g. "(111)", "(110)", "(100)").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:miller_indices

Schema Reference: miller_indices

💡 Submit Term Feedback

slab thickness (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Thickness of the periodic slab model used to represent the surface.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:slab_thickness

Schema Reference: slab_thickness

Unit: Ao

💡 Submit Term Feedback

vacuum spacing (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Vacuum layer thickness added above the slab to prevent spurious periodic interactions between slab images.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:vacuum_spacing

Schema Reference: vacuum_spacing

Unit: Ao

💡 Submit Term Feedback

surface termination method (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Method used to terminate the slab and handle dangling bonds (e.g. H-passivation, OH-termination, dipole correction).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:surface_termination_method

Schema Reference: surface_termination_method

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

DielectricTensors

Description: Dielectric tensor computed from density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). Characterises the optical and static dielectric response of a material.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:DielectricTensors

Schema Reference: DielectricTensors

Slots

dielectric tensor (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Components of the static and/or high-frequency dielectric tensor epsilon_ij, computed from DFPT.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:dielectric_tensor

Schema Reference: dielectric_tensor

💡 Submit Term Feedback

born effective charges (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Born effective charge tensors Z*_ij for each atom, describing how the polarization changes with atomic displacements.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:born_effective_charges

Schema Reference: born_effective_charges

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff

Schema Reference: energy_cutoff

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria

Schema Reference: convergence_criteria

💡 Submit Term Feedback

k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh

Schema Reference: k_point_mesh

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

PhononDispersion

Description: Phonon dispersion relations computed from interatomic force constants, providing access to vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic quantities, and dynamical stability (imaginary modes).

CURIE: coremeta4cat:PhononDispersion

Schema Reference: PhononDispersion

Slots

force constant method (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Method used to compute the interatomic force constants (e.g. finite differences / supercell method, DFPT/linear response).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:force_constant_method

Schema Reference: force_constant_method

💡 Submit Term Feedback

kq point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: k/q-point mesh for phonon Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "8×8×8"). Distinct from the electronic k-point mesh.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:kq_point_mesh

Schema Reference: kq_point_mesh

💡 Submit Term Feedback

smearing parameter (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Smearing or broadening parameter applied to the phonon density of states.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:smearing_parameter

Schema Reference: smearing_parameter

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

imaginary modes (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Whether imaginary (soft) phonon modes are present in the dispersion. Imaginary modes indicate dynamical instability of the structure.

Data Type: boolean

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:imaginary_modes

Schema Reference: imaginary_modes

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

EquationsOfState

Description: Equation of state relating energy (or enthalpy) to volume, fitted to a parametric model (e.g. Birch-Murnaghan). Used to extract equilibrium volume, bulk modulus, and its pressure derivative.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:EquationsOfState

Schema Reference: EquationsOfState

Slots

fit method (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Parametric model used to fit the energy-volume curve (e.g. Birch-Murnaghan 3rd order, Vinet, Murnaghan).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:fit_method

Schema Reference: fit_method

💡 Submit Term Feedback

bulk modulus (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Bulk modulus (resistance to uniform compression).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:bulk_modulus

Schema Reference: bulk_modulus

Unit: GPa

💡 Submit Term Feedback

pressure derivative (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Pressure derivative of the bulk modulus B' (dimensionless).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:pressure_derivative

Schema Reference: pressure_derivative

💡 Submit Term Feedback

fit residuals (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Root-mean-square residuals of the energy-volume fit.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:fit_residuals

Schema Reference: fit_residuals

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff

Schema Reference: energy_cutoff

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria

Schema Reference: convergence_criteria

💡 Submit Term Feedback

k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh

Schema Reference: k_point_mesh

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

AqueousStability

Description: Electrochemical (Pourbaix) stability of a catalyst in aqueous solution as a function of pH and electrode potential. Critical for electrocatalyst stability screening.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:AqueousStability

Schema Reference: AqueousStability

Slots

ph range (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: pH range covered in the Pourbaix stability diagram (e.g. "0–14").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ph_range

Schema Reference: ph_range

💡 Submit Term Feedback

potential range (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Electrode potential range covered in the Pourbaix diagram (e.g. "-2 to +2 V vs SHE").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:potential_range

Schema Reference: potential_range

💡 Submit Term Feedback

solvation model (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Implicit solvation model used to account for aqueous environment (e.g. VASPsol, SCCS/Environ, COSMO).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:solvation_model

Schema Reference: solvation_model

💡 Submit Term Feedback

ionic strength (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Ionic strength of the electrolyte solution modelled.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ionic_strength

Schema Reference: ionic_strength

Unit: mol/L

💡 Submit Term Feedback

temperature (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Temperature during a process or measurement.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: AFR:0001584

Schema Reference: temperature

Unit: Cel

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

GrainBoundaries

Description: Grain boundary structure and energetics from atomistic simulation. Relevant for understanding polycrystalline catalyst behaviour, sintering, and charge/defect segregation.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:GrainBoundaries

Schema Reference: GrainBoundaries

Slots

grain boundary plane (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystallographic plane of the grain boundary, expressed using Miller indices (e.g. "Sigma5 (310)[001]").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:grain_boundary_plane

Schema Reference: grain_boundary_plane

💡 Submit Term Feedback

misorientation angle (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Misorientation angle between adjacent grains at the boundary.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:misorientation_angle

Schema Reference: misorientation_angle

Unit: deg

💡 Submit Term Feedback

grain boundary energy (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Excess energy per unit area of the grain boundary.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:grain_boundary_energy

Schema Reference: grain_boundary_energy

Unit: J/m2

💡 Submit Term Feedback

simulation cell size (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Dimensions of the simulation cell used to model the grain boundary (e.g. "10×10×30 nm").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:simulation_cell_size

Schema Reference: simulation_cell_size

💡 Submit Term Feedback

gb excess volume (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Excess volume per unit area associated with the grain boundary.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:gb_excess_volume

Schema Reference: gb_excess_volume

💡 Submit Term Feedback

gb structural units (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Description of the structural units (repeating atomic motifs) that constitute the grain boundary structure.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:gb_structural_units

Schema Reference: gb_structural_units

💡 Submit Term Feedback

charge defect segregation (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Data describing charge carrier or point defect segregation behaviour at the grain boundary (e.g. segregation energy per defect type).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:charge_defect_segregation

Schema Reference: charge_defect_segregation

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

ElectronicStructure

Description: Electronic band structure and density of states, characterising the electronic properties of a catalyst relevant to activity descriptors (d-band centre, band gap, Fermi energy).

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ElectronicStructure

Schema Reference: ElectronicStructure

Slots

smearing method (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Electronic smearing scheme and width used in the SCF calculation (e.g. Methfessel-Paxton order 1 with sigma=0.2 eV, Gaussian with sigma=0.05 eV).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:smearing_method

Schema Reference: smearing_method

💡 Submit Term Feedback

spin polarized (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Whether the electronic structure calculation is spin-polarized (accounts for spin-up and spin-down electrons separately).

Data Type: boolean

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:spin_polarized

Schema Reference: spin_polarized

💡 Submit Term Feedback

band path (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: High-symmetry k-path through the Brillouin zone used to plot the band structure (e.g. "Gamma-X-M-Gamma-R" for cubic, following SeeK-path convention).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:band_path

Schema Reference: band_path

💡 Submit Term Feedback

fermi energy (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Fermi energy (chemical potential of electrons) in the calculated system.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:fermi_energy

Schema Reference: fermi_energy

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff

Schema Reference: energy_cutoff

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria

Schema Reference: convergence_criteria

💡 Submit Term Feedback

k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh

Schema Reference: k_point_mesh

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

Ferroelectrics

Description: Ferroelectric properties computed from DFT, including spontaneous polarization, switching barrier, and coercive field. Relevant for ferroelectric-photocatalyst design.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:Ferroelectrics

Schema Reference: Ferroelectrics

Slots

polarization direction (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystallographic direction of the spontaneous electric polarization (e.g. "[001]" for tetragonal BaTiO_3).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:polarization_direction

Schema Reference: polarization_direction

💡 Submit Term Feedback

spontaneous polarization (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Magnitude of the spontaneous electric polarization.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:spontaneous_polarization

Schema Reference: spontaneous_polarization

Unit: uC/cm2

💡 Submit Term Feedback

reference structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Reference (paraelectric/centrosymmetric) structure used as the zero- polarization endpoint in the Berry-phase polarization calculation.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:reference_structure

Schema Reference: reference_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

switching barrier (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Energy barrier for polarization switching between equivalent states.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:switching_barrier

Schema Reference: switching_barrier

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

coercive field (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Electric field required to reverse the polarization direction.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:coercive_field

Schema Reference: coercive_field

Unit: kV/cm

💡 Submit Term Feedback

temperature dependence (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Description of how the ferroelectric properties vary with temperature.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:temperature_dependence

Schema Reference: temperature_dependence

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

BandGap

Description: Electronic band gap and its character (direct/indirect), with optional many-body (GW) or excitonic corrections. Critical for photocatalyst and semiconductor catalyst screening.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:BandGap

Schema Reference: BandGap

Slots

material sample (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Reference to the material or MaterialSample being characterised by this calculated band gap.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: VOC4CAT:0005056

Schema Reference: material_sample

💡 Submit Term Feedback

structure model (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Model structure used in the band gap calculation (e.g. bulk unit cell, surface slab, defect supercell).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:structure_model

Schema Reference: structure_model

💡 Submit Term Feedback

smearing broadening (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Gaussian or Lorentzian broadening applied to the simulated spectrum.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:smearing_broadening

Schema Reference: smearing_broadening

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

direct indirect (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Band gap character: "direct" (VBM and CBM at same k-point) or "indirect" (VBM and CBM at different k-points).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:direct_indirect

Schema Reference: direct_indirect

💡 Submit Term Feedback

experimental reference (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Experimental band gap value used for benchmarking the calculation.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:experimental_reference

Schema Reference: experimental_reference

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

gw hybrid correction (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Whether a many-body GW correction or hybrid functional (e.g. HSE06) was applied to correct the DFT band gap underestimation.

Data Type: boolean

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:gw_hybrid_correction

Schema Reference: gw_hybrid_correction

💡 Submit Term Feedback

excitonic correction (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Excitonic correction (from Bethe-Salpeter equation) applied to the optical band gap.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:excitonic_correction

Schema Reference: excitonic_correction

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

material composition (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Chemical composition of the simulated material (e.g. "Fe2O3", "Pt/CeO2"). Use empirical formula or SMILES for molecular systems.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:material_composition

Schema Reference: material_composition

💡 Submit Term Feedback

crystal structure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Crystal structure of the simulated material, including space group and lattice parameters (e.g. "Fm-3m, a=3.92 Ã… for Pt").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: SIO:001100

Schema Reference: crystal_structure

💡 Submit Term Feedback

energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff

Schema Reference: energy_cutoff

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria

Schema Reference: convergence_criteria

💡 Submit Term Feedback

k point mesh (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh used for Brillouin zone sampling (e.g. "4×4×1" for a surface slab, "8×8×8" for a bulk cell).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:k_point_mesh

Schema Reference: k_point_mesh

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

realized plan (Mandatory, Multivalued)

Description: The SimulationMethod (protocol) realized in this Simulation.

Data Type: SimulationMethod

Cardinality: Mandatory, Multivalued

Schema Reference: realized_plan

Data Type Class Details:

SimulationMethod

Abstract Class

Description: Abstract Plan describing the computational method (protocol) used in a Simulation. Concrete subclasses carry method-specific parameter slots. Linked from Simulation via realized_plan.

CURIE: OBI:0000272

Schema Reference: SimulationMethod

💡 Submit Term Feedback

Possible Subclasses / Enumerations of SimulationMethod:

DFT

Description: Density functional theory — a quantum mechanical method for calculating the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and periodic solids. The most widely used ab initio method in computational catalysis.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:DFT

Schema Reference: DFT

Slots

exchange correlation functional (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Exchange-correlation functional used (e.g. PBE, PBEsol, RPBE, B3LYP, HSE06). The choice of functional directly affects accuracy.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:exchange_correlation_functional

Schema Reference: exchange_correlation_functional

💡 Submit Term Feedback

energy cutoff (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff for the basis set expansion.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:energy_cutoff

Schema Reference: energy_cutoff

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

convergence criteria (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Convergence thresholds applied during self-consistent field (SCF) and/or geometry optimisation (e.g. energy < 1e-5 eV, forces < 0.02 eV/Ã…).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:convergence_criteria

Schema Reference: convergence_criteria

💡 Submit Term Feedback

dft u parameters (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Hubbard U correction parameters (DFT+U). Specify element, orbital, and U value (e.g. "Fe d: U=4.0 eV, J=0.0 eV").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:dft_u_parameters

Schema Reference: dft_u_parameters

💡 Submit Term Feedback

spin polarization (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Whether spin polarization (collinear magnetism) is included in the DFT calculation. Set to true for systems containing magnetic elements.

Data Type: boolean

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:spin_polarization

Schema Reference: spin_polarization

💡 Submit Term Feedback

total energy per atom (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Total DFT ground-state energy divided by number of atoms in the unit cell.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:total_energy_per_atom

Schema Reference: total_energy_per_atom

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

MolecularDynamics

Description: Molecular dynamics simulation — a method for computing the time evolution of a system of interacting particles by integrating the equations of motion. Used to study diffusion, reaction kinetics, and thermal properties.

CURIE: NCIT:C18097

Schema Reference: MolecularDynamics

Slots

force field (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Force field or interatomic potential used (e.g. ReaxFF, CHARMM, Tersoff, EAM). Include parametrisation source or reference.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:force_field

Schema Reference: force_field

💡 Submit Term Feedback

simulation timestep (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Integration timestep used in molecular dynamics.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: APOLLO_SV:00000012

Schema Reference: simulation_timestep

Unit: fs

💡 Submit Term Feedback

simulation time (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Total simulated physical time of the MD trajectory.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:simulation_time

Schema Reference: simulation_time

Unit: ps

💡 Submit Term Feedback

ensemble type (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Statistical ensemble used in MD (e.g. NVE, NVT, NPT). Determines which thermodynamic quantities are conserved.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:ensemble_type

Schema Reference: ensemble_type

💡 Submit Term Feedback

number of atoms (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Number of atoms in the simulation cell or supercell.

Data Type: integer

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:number_of_atoms

Schema Reference: number_of_atoms

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

Microkinetics

Description: Microkinetic modelling — a mean-field kinetic approach that integrates elementary reaction steps and their rate constants to predict catalytic activity and selectivity under reaction conditions.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:Microkinetics

Schema Reference: Microkinetics

Slots

rate constants (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Rate constants or Arrhenius parameters (pre-exponential factor and activation energy) for each elementary step in the reaction network.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: NCIT:C94967

Schema Reference: rate_constants

💡 Submit Term Feedback

solver type (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Numerical solver used for the microkinetic rate equations (e.g. LSODA, stiff ODE solver, steady-state Newton method).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:solver_type

Schema Reference: solver_type

💡 Submit Term Feedback

temperature (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Temperature during a process or measurement.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: AFR:0001584

Schema Reference: temperature

Unit: Cel

💡 Submit Term Feedback

pressure (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Total pressure used in microkinetic or Monte Carlo simulation.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:pressure

Schema Reference: pressure

Unit: bar

💡 Submit Term Feedback

surface coverage (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Surface coverage of adsorbed species (fraction of surface sites occupied).

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:surface_coverage

Schema Reference: surface_coverage

💡 Submit Term Feedback

activation energy (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Activation energy for each elementary step in the reaction mechanism.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:activation_energy

Schema Reference: activation_energy

Unit: eV

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

MonteCarlo

Description: Monte Carlo simulation — a stochastic method that samples configuration space using random moves accepted or rejected according to a statistical criterion (e.g. Metropolis). Used for adsorption isotherms, phase diagrams, and lattice-based kinetics.

CURIE: coremeta4cat:MonteCarlo

Schema Reference: MonteCarlo

Slots

interaction potential (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Interaction potential or Hamiltonian used to compute energies in MC moves.

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:interaction_potential

Schema Reference: interaction_potential

💡 Submit Term Feedback

number of steps (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Total number of Monte Carlo moves or trial configurations generated.

Data Type: integer

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:number_of_steps

Schema Reference: number_of_steps

💡 Submit Term Feedback

temperature (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Temperature during a process or measurement.

Data Type: float

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: AFR:0001584

Schema Reference: temperature

Unit: Cel

💡 Submit Term Feedback

lattice size type (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Lattice geometry and dimensions used in lattice-based MC (e.g. "100×100 square lattice", "hexagonal 50×50").

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:lattice_size_type

Schema Reference: lattice_size_type

💡 Submit Term Feedback

acceptance criteria (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Criterion for accepting or rejecting MC moves (e.g. Metropolis, Kawasaki, heat-bath algorithm).

Data Type: string

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:acceptance_criteria

Schema Reference: acceptance_criteria

💡 Submit Term Feedback

equilibration steps (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Number of MC steps used for equilibration before data collection begins.

Data Type: integer

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:equilibration_steps

Schema Reference: equilibration_steps

💡 Submit Term Feedback

sampling interval (Optional, Multivalued)

Description: Interval between successive MC snapshots used for property averaging.

Data Type: integer

Cardinality: Optional, Multivalued

CURIE: coremeta4cat:sampling_interval

Schema Reference: sampling_interval

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback

💡 Submit Term Feedback